耦合于分形地貌的陕北能源富集区城镇空间形态适宜模式研究

Fractal theory is one of the three forefronts of Nonlinear Science, it has an outstanding significance about understanding the self-similarity of nature and human society. Its universal and philosophical values have reached a broad consensus. The self-similarity (fractal characteristics) of the unique gully landform of Loess Plateau has been demonstrated adequately. Urban spatial distribution rooted in the landform also has an obvious feature of self-similarity, to forms a relatively stable and harmonious relationship between man- environment over the past thousands of years. With the rapid development of energy industries and urbanization in northern Shaanxi, the soil erosion and other ecological problems are getting intensified. The contradiction between loess gully landforms, which is a regional and critical ecological factor, and urban spatial development become sharper. It brings a tremendous impact on existing relationship between man- environment. With the help of fractal theory, this research will break through the way of independent research on a single fractal system, and make a coupled correlation study between the topography,which in northern Shaanxi Energy-rich region with fractal characters, and the urban spatial form. In this project the fractal mathematical models will be set up and suitability of urban spatial form will be addressed from the whole and individual levels to explore a realistic way of northern Shaanxi urban spatial development adapted to landscape environment based on calculating and comparing analysis of fractal dimension and identifing the inherent laws about the self-similarity organization between them scientifically. This research will enlarge the vision about scientific theories of living environment, and provide a reference for other research about urban spaces in ecologically sensitive areas.

分形理论是非线性科学三大前沿之一，对认知自然界及人类社会自相似现象有突出意义，其普适与哲学价值已得到广泛共识。黄土高原独特沟壑地貌的自相似性（分形特征）已得到相关研究充分论证，生成于该地貌的城镇空间布局也具有明显的自相似特征，数千年来形成了相对稳态与和谐的人地关系。随着陕北能源产业和城镇化急速发展，水土流失等生态问题不断加剧，陕北沟壑地貌这一地域关键性生态因子与城镇空间发展间的矛盾日益突出，对已有人地关系带来极大冲击。本研究借助分形理论，突破在单一分形体系内独立研究的方法，对陕北能源富集区具有分形特征的地貌与城镇空间进行耦合关联性研究，通过分形维数计算与比较分析，科学认知两者间自相似组织的内在规律，建立分形数理模型，并从整体与个体不同层次进行城镇空间形态适宜性模式研究，探索与地貌环境相适应的陕北城镇空间发展现实途径，拓展人居环境科学理论研究视野，并对其他生态敏感地区城镇空间研究提供借鉴。

我国黄土高原地貌具有世界层面的独特性，其沟壑形态与河流水系具有典型的分形特征。陕北是中华文明重要发源地，蕴涵着深厚的传统文化基因，同时是我国重要的生态敏感地区和能源基地之一，战略地位重要。. 课题引入分形理论与方法，依据传统城乡规划理论 ，综合地貌学、数学、地理学、景观生态学等多学科的交叉应用，针对陕北黄土高原能源富集区的人居环境分布与自然地貌的分形耦合进行研究与实践，取得以下主要成果： . 1.首次提出城镇空间形态与自然地貌的分形耦合模型，据此解析陕北城镇形态与地貌形态、人口分布、经济分布等多个要素的耦合关系，为陕北城镇的分形规划提供理论依据和数理模型，使分形规划从理论走向实用。. 2.结合规划学科特点，在分维值等数理计算的充分支撑下，重点探索了以图形为媒介的分形方法应用，对河谷水系形态、居民点分布形态、道路形态、城镇总体形态等进行分形特征提取，并依据河谷发育原理、居民点分布原理等，进行地貌与人居环境的分形迭代模拟，近150幅的图形分析为理解“地貌-城镇”分形耦合特征提供了简明直观的资料。. 3.通过米脂、延安、神木三个城镇的实证研究，提出了耦合于所在地貌的城镇空间形态适宜模式，据此对城镇空间发展提出宏观引导策略及适宜形态修正，并结合理想分维区间进行了城市适宜形态的多情景探讨。. 4.综合以上研究，初步探索并构建出基于分形理论的黄土高原城镇空间规划理论框架与方法，提出了分形城市规划的目标、任务、类型，明确了分形城市规划设计的主要程序，即前期解构自然分形骨架与历史分形肌理，中期重构分形结构框架与再生分形单元，后期评估分维指标与调整优化方案。. 5.在分形测算技术上突破了传统的二维空间测算方法，借助GIS平台构建地貌单元的体积和表面积关联测度的方法，以三维盒子测算陕北黄土高原地貌分维，揭示了有别于二维表征下的地貌分形特征。