基于村镇体系网络化建构的乡村聚落空间重构

The spatial restructuring of rural settlements should be explored from the perspective of promoting the coupling coordination of the social space and physical space. To realize this goal, the internal relationship and overall organizational structure of urban-rural system should be uncovered thoroughly from the network perspective. The land use pattern should be optimized on the basis of the systematic and coordinating urban-rural system to facilitate the spatial restructuring of rural settlements. Taking the rural settlements in a county level as the research object, the research framework was constructed following the line of “structural analysis of social and economic networks—construction of urban rural system—spatial restructuring of rural settlements”. In this case, the spatio-temporal conduction mechanism and interaction effect of “the individual social and economic relationship—the interaction effects of rural settlements” were clarified. The interaction effects of rural settlements were measured by the spatialization of the individual social and economic relationship. The coordinated and cohesive urban-rural system was constructed from three levels of town-village-settlement after the interpretation of the coupling and coordination mechanism of the social and economic networks and urban-rural system. The restructuring path of the rural settlements clusters was analyzed based on the characterization of rural settlements networks. Furthermore, the rural settlements restructuring pattern was specified according to the rural settlements network location, urban-rural system and natural conditions. In addition, a spatial optimization model of rural settlements by improved genetic algorithm was built to provide technical support for rural settlements restructuring.

乡村聚落空间重构研究需站在强化社会空间与物质空间耦合协调发展的角度，从网络化视角更深入地剖析村镇体系的内部连接关系和总体组织结构，在系统协调的村镇体系基础上优化乡村聚落用地格局，探索乡村聚落空间重构路径。本项目将县域乡村聚落作为研究对象，遵循“社会经济网络结构剖析—村镇体系建构—乡村聚落空间重构”的研究脉络框架；从探索“个体社会经济联系-聚落空间相互作用”的时空传导机理与交互作用机制入手，通过空间化乡村地域微观个体社会经济联系，测度乡村聚落相互作用关系，阐明社会经济网络和村镇体系耦合协调机制，从“镇-村-居民点”三个层次建构城乡协调、有机衔接的村镇体系；基于乡村聚落空间网络格局探索乡村聚落网络组团的空间重构走向，根据乡村聚落网络区位和村镇体系定位并考虑自然本底条件，划定乡村聚落重构类型，改进遗传算法构建乡村聚落用地优化配置模型，为乡村聚落空间重构提供技术支持。

乡村聚落空间是农村居民赖以生产、生活的载体，村镇体系是乡村聚落形成的联系密切、相互依存的集合，村镇体系研究是认识和调节乡村地域社会、经济发展和乡村聚落空间格局的重要手段和方法。在快速城镇化、工业化进程中，乡村经济结构、社会结构发生深刻转型，乡村居民从业结构非农化、生活方式现代化、人口空心化，从而显著改变村镇体系的功能与结构，进而对乡村聚落发展产生巨大影响。本项目选择湖北省典型县域，以乡村聚落为研究对象，聚焦新时代乡村聚落发展新特点、新需求，在村镇体系结构分析的基础上，探究乡村聚落空间重构的机制和策略。（1）在案例地区社会调研的基础上，基于不同聚落之间居民个体的日常空间活动行为（就业通勤、教育医疗、休闲娱乐、走亲访友等空间活动）和社会关系（亲子关系、姻亲关系、朋友关系、同事关系等社会关系），汇总测度社会经济联系强度，表征乡村聚落相互作用关系，构建乡村聚落空间网络。（2）基于村镇聚落空间联系，从网络视角，开展村镇尺度的乡村聚落体系建构。（3）基于乡村聚落空间网络格局探索乡村聚落组团空间重构模式，根据乡村聚落网络区位和村镇体系定位划分乡村聚落重构类型，基于村镇体系导引构建农村居民点用地优化模型。