中国芫菁科分类修订（鞘翅目：拟步甲总科）

The Meloidae (Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea), commonly known as blister beetles, is always a concern for its larval predatism, phytophagy of adult, and medicinal value. It is a highly diverse family, up to the present, four subfamilies are recognized and more than 2700 species assigned to 127 genera have been reported, of these, only two subfamilies, 26 genera contains 197 species have previously been known from China. Moreover, there are lots of prominent problems exit in Chinese meloid taxonomy, such as species numbers unclear; taxonomic positions of some taxa uncertain; some species, especially which have important economic significance, were used an invalid name for a long time; and the studies of the faunistics and geographic divergence not plenty. Hence, the present project aims to enrich the meloid species resources data through faunistic investigation and comparative morphology, to revise all taxa of Chinese blister beetles according to the newest classification system and research findings. We also try to analyze the geographic distribution pattern of Chinese Meloidae to obtain a new understanding on faunistic formation and divergence. The key points include: 1) obtaining a complete catalogue of Chinese meloid species through biodiversity expedition; 2) resolving the confusing problems of species determination; 3) analyzing the fauna composition of Chinese meloid beetles and explaining the characteristic of the geographic distribution. The results of this project will close the gap of Meloidae research level between China and the World.

芫菁科昆虫因捕食虫卵、侵害植食和作为药用资源而长期受到人们关注。该科成员全球已知4亚科127属2700余种，中国已记录2亚科26属197种。目前我国芫菁科分类存在的突出问题是：物种资源本底不清，分类编目落后；一些类群的分类地位存在较大争议；一些经济意义重要的种类长期使用了同物异名；对其在我国的区系形成、分化和生物地理学缺乏研究。针对上述问题，本项目旨在通过比较广泛的区系调查和比较形态学研究，进一步丰富我国该类昆虫物种资源“本底”；应用当今公认的分类体系和最新研究成果，对我国芫菁科各级阶元进行整体修订；通过对该科现有地理分布格局的分析，对其在我国的区系形成和分化产生新的认识。本项目研究的重点是：1）通过物种多样性考察，基本摸清我国的芫菁种类；2）集中解决物种分类中存在的疑点和难点；3）对我国芫菁的区系及生物地理分布做出科学解释。本项研究的综合成果将缩小我国该科分类与国际整体研究的巨大差距。

芫菁因其独特的生物学习性和药用价值而长期受到人们的关注。芫菁科Meloidae隶属于鞘翅目Coleoptera拟步甲总科Tenebrionoidea，世界已知3亚科132属2700余种，广布于除新西兰、南极和波里尼西亚群岛之外的世界各地。本项目为解决中国芫菁分类研究当中存在的问题，对中国芫菁科昆虫进行分类修订，主要包括以下内容：①本底调查：研究期间，多次前往各地进行标本采集，尤其是河北及其周边、新疆、西藏和秦岭地区，累积获得芫菁标本约7500件。此外，前往国家动物标本馆等多家单位检视、借阅芫菁标本，并向国外重要博物馆借阅标本，累积约2300件。②分类修订：通过对中国芫菁科昆虫全面系统地考察和修订，记录中国芫菁2亚科8族25属191种。研究期间共发现11新种，2中国新纪录亚属，5中国新纪录种。同时，在检视模式标本的基础上，对一些历史问题进行了厘定，共发现17个物种新异名，4新组合，1新等级；确定了1属1亚属6种在中国没有分布，系文献误记。③分子物种界定：利用DNA条形码对中国北方常见芫菁进行界定，确认该方法可用于中国芫菁的分子物种界定。而后，对短翅芫菁属Meloe进行分子物种界定分析，帮助理解该类群的形态变异幅度，并确认了种组划分和部分新种的准确性。④一龄幼虫分类初探：共对2种中国产芫菁（绿芫菁Lytta caraganae和丽斑芫菁Mylabris speciosa）的一龄幼虫进行了详细描述。⑤区系分析：对中国芫菁的属、种进行了区系分析，结果表明在属级和种级分布上均以古北区和蒙新区占优势。本项目结果丰富了中国芫菁科昆虫物种多样性，澄清了部分历史遗留问题，进一步夯实了中国芫菁的分类基础，为开展下一步工作奠定了良好的基础。