CoPS创新风险的生成机理及控制策略研究：利益相关者网络视角

Recently, as complex products and systems(CoPS) are developed rapidly, significant risks are ignored, resulting in great losses in china. And there is a lack of deep research in the formation mechanism of risks. Given that CoPS innovation is completed by multiagents of "system integrators-stakeholders", this research uses interest and power of subject as major logic, explores theorecial integration of social network theory (focusing on the whole) and stakeholder theory (focusing on the subject), and tries to end the seperation of the power and interest of subject on stakeholder theory from the individual to relationship and to the network. Moreover, based on theoretical study, this research builds the formation mechanism of "stakeholder network structure-stakeholder behavior-CoPS innovation risk", and reveals internal logic relations among structures (core tightness，core looseness，coreless tightness，and coreless looseness), behaviors (violation, forced renegotiation, limited resources, and boycott) and risks (cost rise, quality reduction, time delays), and expands toward dynamic process of CoPS innovation. Additionally, this research methods include structural equation modeling, longitudinal case study and the simulation experiment method, which are integrated rationales with empirical investigation. Finnally, the research results complement stakeholder theory, social network theory and technological innovation management theory, and provide references for the risk control of CoPS innovation system integrators.

近年来，中国在大力发展复杂产品系统（CoPS）时，忽视了存在的巨大风险，损失惨重，理论界对风险的生成机理也缺乏深入研究。鉴于CoPS创新是由"系统集成商-利益相关者"多主体完成的，本课题以主体权利属性为主导逻辑，理论上探讨社会网络理论（偏整体）和利益相关者理论（偏主体）的融合，以解决主体权利属性在利益相关者理论从个体、关系到网络演进中的分裂问题。在理论研究基础上构建"利益相关者网络结构-利益相关者行为-CoPS创新风险"的风险生成机理，揭示结构（有核紧密型、无核紧密型、有核松散型和无核松散型）、行为（违背合同、强制谈判、限制资源和联合抵制）与风险（成本上升、质量下降和时间延误）之间的内在关系，并向CoPS创新过程动态扩展。课题结合理论与实证，运用结构方程建模、纵向案例研究和仿真实验方法。研究结果丰富了利益相关者理论、社会网络理论和技术创新管理理论，也为CoPS创新系统集成商的风险控制提供有

本研究综合运用创新经济学、利益相关者理论、社会网络理论等理论和方法，基于利益相关者网络视角对CoPS创新风险生成机理进行了探索性理论构建和验证性实证分析。本研究以CoPS创新为研究场景，以系统集成商为焦点组织，运用“主体、行为、资源”三要素构成的网络分析范式，探讨偏于整体分析的社会网络理论和偏于主体分析的利益相关者理论的有机结合，解决利益相关者理论从个体、关系到网络的主体权利属性分裂状态，进而揭示“利益相关者网络结构—利益相关者行为—CoPS创新风险”的风险生成机理，以期为CoPS创新集成商提供基于创新全过程的风险控制原则和策略。主要研究结论包括：权利（利益-权力）对称是利益相关者的内在诉求；权利不对称是诱发CoPS创新风险的主要原因；权利形成的基础—专用性资产投入对利益相关者的机会主义行为产生影响；应高度重视一种特殊的专用性资产（人力资本产权）对CoPS创新风险的影响；从利益相关者个体权利属性研究利益相关者网络结构和关系，是解决利益相关者理论从个体、关系到网络的主体分析和整体分析割裂的有效办法；无论从理论还是实践角度看，CoPS创新过程的风险生成及其控制都应该关注利益相关者网络问题。