基于多物理量信息获取的智能天线及其在受限空间中的应用

With development of economy and science, the design of antenna is not only emphasized on the low cost, probably, in some applications, it is required to have a reasonable cost, but plays important role in providing a high quality radio wave coverage with a total low energy consuming. So, it is demanded that the beams of antennas can be changed flexibly according to the distribution of objects, and focus the limited energy to where it is desired, so that the antennas can provide radio wave coverage with good quality, low energy consumption, and have functions of switching on/off the coverage according to the demand. However, the available antennas cannot provide such functions, because they do not have the sensing and controlling ability themselves. This project plans to do some study on the antennas who themselves have the sensing ability and can automatically focus their beam to the places desired. This functions will be realized by using and dealing with the multi-physical information collected by the supersonic, laser, and electronic techniques. This project will take the room and tunnel as application environments, and design the smart antennas for such certain areas based on the collection of multi-physical information. It will make use of the achievements of electronic science and technology, and integrate the small size, multi-function sensors and DSP chips into the antenna design. So the antennas can have function like human eyes, which can always focus their beam onto the objects that we care. Therefore, dynamic information tunnels can be established with the data transmitted in them stably. But the total energy consumption and the electromagnetic pollution will be reduced.

随着经济和科技的发展，天线并不是一味的强调低成本，有些领域可能更需要天线在成本适中且整体能耗较低情况下提供高质量的电波覆盖。为此要求天线能够根据有无目标、目标多少及位置分布等情况进行波束汇聚和方向调控，使有限的能量始终相对集中到需要的方向上，从而实现需要覆盖则能覆盖、覆盖质量好、整体能耗低的功能。然而现有天线不具有自我感知和调控的能力，难以做到这一点。本项目拟研究的天线是自身可以通过超声、光、电等多物理量获取手段，感知环境目标信息并自动将波束汇聚到所需地方的智能天线；将以室内和高铁隧道为应用背景，研究适用于一定范围的基于多物理量信息获取的智能天线。本项目将充分利用当前电子科技的成果，将小型、微型功能多样化的传感器和数据处理芯片与天线融合和集成设计，希望使天线自身变成像人眼一样，始终将波束汇聚到所关注的目标上，从而建立起动态灵活的高质量信息传输通道，使总能耗保持较低，降低电磁环境污染。

智能天线可以为移动通信提供高效的电波覆盖，现有的智能天线研究主要是针对辐射结构的可智能化，天线自身还不具有智能化，需要采用天线之外的处理和控制模块对天线进行控制，并占用额外的信道传输控制信号，影响系统性能的提升。本项目以短距离及室内移动通信为应用背景，研究能自我感知、自我控制的智能天线体系架构、设计方法以及实验验证。取得的主要成果有：1）提出了集信息感知、处理、控制、波束切换于一体的自感知智能天线新架构；提出了基于微波距离感知的多波束自动切换智能天线，天线波束可以根据用户的位置自动切换，用户始终处于比较均匀的电波覆盖下。2）提出了动态赋形波束技术，并采用高增益定向天线与一般赋形波束天线相结合，实现了大跨度波束切换；同时，将天线结构与微波距离感知智能模块集成，研制了大跨度一维波束自动切换的智能天线。3）研究了可应用于二维空间波束切换的天线结构，及可实现二维空间目标感知的微波距离感知智能模块，包括基于微波距离感知和基于光学图像信息感知的二维智能波束切换控制模块。4）将二维多波束可切换天线结构与光学智能模块集成，采用深度学习技术，实现了基于光学图像信息感知的二维环形波束自动切换智能天线，使用户始终处于最佳的电波覆盖状态。5）将小型化二维多波束可切换天线结构与微波感知智能模块集成，实现了小型化二维多波束自动切换智能天线。6）搭建了自感知智能天线实验系统，对所研制的智能化天线进行了实验验证和实验研究，实验结果验证了所提出的智能化天线能够提供较均匀的电波覆盖和较平稳的EVM。7）提出了多种基于二极管开关和馈电端口改变的可智能化电控波束扫描与切换天线结构。8）提出了多种可用于高效电波覆盖的赋形波束天线和特殊性能天线结构。该项目的研究进一步完善了天线理论，构建了自感知智能天线新架构，实现了天线辐射波束和强度随用户位置变化的智能化调控，对移动通信电波覆盖的智能化发展具有重要意义。