废水处理过程中溶解性微生物产物的形成及转化机制研究

Soluble microbial products (SMP) present a significant component of effluent organic matter from biological wastewater treatment systems, lowering the effluent quality and decreasing the treatment efficiency. SMP can also affect advanced treatment and are readily transformed to disinfection by-products during disinfection process. Thus, SMP have attracted increasing concerns and is the important regulatory object in wastewater treatment and reclamation. Contributing to the demand for reuse and reclamation of domestic and industrial wastewater, we will investigate the formation and transformation mechanism of SMP. Firstly, accurate, sensitive and rapid characterization methods will be developed for SMP analysis. Different wastewater treatment plants will be surveyed for the SMP quantity and characterization in order to find out the influences of influent on SMP production. Formation mechanism will be studied under stress conditions through practical investigation and laboratory simulation. Furthermore, we will study the interaction of SMP and typical pollutants and find out the influences of SMP on the toxicity of pollutant. Lastly, the conversion and transformation of SMP during disinfection process and the security will be studied and evaluated. This project will provide valuable theoretical guidance and technical support for wastewater treatment and reuse.

溶解性微生物产物（Soluble microbial products, SMP）是废水生物处理系统出水有机物的重要组成部分，它不但影响出水水质，还影响后续深度处理，在消毒过程中又会产生消毒副产物，因此SMP是影响废水回用的关键因素，是废水回用过程中重要的调控对象。本项目针对我国城市及行业废水回用的重大需求，围绕SMP的产生及转化机制进行研究。针对SMP的性质分析，建立准确、灵敏和快速的表征新方法；通过对实际污水处理厂SMP的分析调查，阐明不同行业及进水水质对SMP产生的影响；通过实际水厂及实验室模拟揭示胁迫条件下SMP的产生机制；对生化出水中SMP与典型污染物的相互作用进行深入分析，阐明SMP对污染物毒性的影响；在此基础上，对消毒环节中SMP的转化及生物安全性进行系统的评价。本项目将为废水处理及污水回用提供重要的理论指导和技术支持。

项目针对我国城市及行业废水回用的重大需求，围绕SMP的产生及转化机制进行研究。针对SMP的性质分析，建立了基于液相色谱分离的多激发、多发射荧光扫描图谱方法；并利用该方法对我国城市污水处理厂及典型行业污水处理厂生化出水中荧光类的SMP进行了调研分析，揭示了印染废水生化出水具有显著不同的荧光光谱特征，即Em460 nm具有三重激发荧光峰，并初步推测了其荧光团结构为萘酚或萘胺类结构。在实验室模拟条件下考察了有毒有机物、重金属、盐度等对生物处理系统中SMP产生的影响及作用机制，并通过膜生物反应器利用典范对应分析探究了出水SMP与微生物群落组成之间的关系。利用三维荧光光谱及同步荧光光谱揭示了SMP与典型重金属之间的相互作用及对金属急性毒性的削减。对生化出水SMP消毒过程中的卤代消毒副产物的生成及机制进行了研究。