天然水环境中次级微塑料生成机制及迁移转化行为研究

In recent years, along with high-speed economic development and quickening of urbanization process, the natural water is seriously polluted by microplastics, which pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms and human health. It is urgent to study on the pollution degree and environmental behavior of microplastics. This proposal is designed to determine the degradation of plastics by simulating the natural water environment through illumination and mechanical experiments. Based on the analysis results of field sampling, the generation mechanism of secondary microplastics is studied and the prediction model for determining the microplastic pollution is established. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanism, aggregation and dispersing characteristics, existing states and deposition laws of microplastics will be studied. Combined with self-developed device for simulating surface wind stress disturbance, a simulation experiment on heterogeneous aggregation, deposition and resuspension of microplastic with various density under different hydrodynamic conditions is carried out to predict the long-term migration and transformation of microplastics in water. These researches will deepen scientific understanding of migration and transformation of microplastics and provide meaningful guidance for the prevention and control of microplastic pollution.

伴随着高速的经济发展和工业化进程，近年来天然水体微塑料污染形势逐趋严峻，对水生生物和人体的健康产生严重威胁，对微塑料的污染程度和环境行为研究刻不容缓。本项目拟通过光照/机械实验模拟天然水体环境作用过程，进行塑料材料的降解破碎研究，结合实际采样化验分析，研究次级微塑料生成机制，建立微塑料污染程度预测模型；通过阐明微塑料对天然水体颗粒物的吸附机理，深入探究微塑料的聚集分散特性，探明其自然赋存形态，归纳其在水体中的沉积规律；结合自主研发的表面风应力扰动模拟装置，开展水动力胁迫下不同密度微塑料的异质聚集、沉积及再悬浮的模拟实验，推测微塑料在水体中的长远迁移转化规律。这些研究将有助于从科学上加深对微塑料迁移转化与归趋问题的理解，对制定行之有效的微塑料污染防治措施具有重要的指导意义。

本项目通过光照/机械实验模拟了天然水体环境作用过程，进行了塑料材料的降解破碎研究，结合实际采样化验分析，研究了次级微塑料生成机制，建立了微塑料污染程度预测模型；通过阐明微塑料对天然水体颗粒物的吸附机理，深入了探究微塑料的聚集分散特性，探明了其自然赋存形态，归纳其在水体中的沉积规律；开展了水动力胁迫下不同密度微塑料的异质聚集、沉积及再悬浮的模拟实验，推测了微塑料在水体中的长远迁移转化规律。这些研究将有助于从科学上加深对微塑料迁移转化与归趋问题的理解，对制定行之有效的微塑料污染防治措施具有重要的指导意义。