阻燃可修复聚氨酯材料的无溶剂制备及性能研究

Due to the slather of volatile organic solvents during the traditional synthesizing process of polyurethane materials, this project focuses on synthesizing polyurethane materials without any volatile organic solvents to achieve the green production process of polyurethane materials. The introduction of DOPO and Diels-Alder adducts enables excellent flame retardance, healability property and recoverability. This project will implore the synergistic flame-retardant effect of the Diels-Alder adducts and DOPO. This project will also propose the relationships between structure, synthesis method, property and mechanism. Finally, this project will provide a novel insight for designing and preparing polyurethane or other polymer systems with both self-healing property and flame retardancy in a green synthesis method.

针对当前聚氨酯材料制备过程需要使用大量易挥发的有机溶剂的问题，本项目拟通过DOPO基聚酯多元醇的丙氧基化来降低反应体系的粘度、通过Diels-Alder反应的热可逆性实现聚氨酯材料的无溶剂法制备，实现聚氨酯材料的绿色化生产过程。DOPO和Diels-Alder加成物的引入还使得制备的聚氨酯材料具有阻燃性能和可修复可回收性能。探索Diels-Alder与DOPO的协同阻燃机理，提出阻燃可修复聚氨酯材料结构-合成方法-性能-机理的关系，为设计和绿色制备兼具阻燃和可修复性能的聚氨酯材料或其他聚合物材料提供新的思路。

本项目在无溶剂条件下制备了酸值为0.9mgKOH/g的DOPO基聚酯多元醇，然后分别以脂肪族聚酯多元醇和磺酸盐聚酯多元醇为原料进行了插入式酯基乙氧基化反应，得到的聚醚酯多元醇的粘度有了明显的降低，酸值也大大降低,可以应用于聚氨酯硬泡和生物降解聚氨酯中。又以DOPO基聚酯多元醇分别在有溶剂和无溶剂两种条件下制备了含有DA加成物的聚氨酯材料，结果显示DA加成物与DOPO聚酯多元醇在燃烧过程中形成了协同阻燃效果，提高了聚氨酯材料的阻燃等级，无溶剂下的聚氨酯作为聚氨酯热熔胶来使用可以克服无溶剂制备过程中由于搅拌所形成的微孔影响本体力学强度的缺点。