Xinjiang is only island cotton producing area in China,and continuous high temperature for cotton production caused great losses.Studies had shown that Tapetum was very sensitive to high temperatures organization whose early degradation maybe a direct result of the main reason for pollen abortion. Further analysis revealed that pollen sterility multiple previous studies focused on sterile material from fertilization pollen germination to completed after a short period to reveal its causes,but was rarely reported that the relationship of pollen sterility and the precursor tapetum change in resistant high temperature varieties under the continuous high temperature stress in pollen, and especially in the dynamic relationship between growth and decline tapetum and fertility hormone levels in different periods of its nuclear DNA (RNA) content and other related indicators had not been reported.In this study,we will use Xinhai 35 of high temperature resistant varieties and Su- 11 temperature-sensitive species for the study of materials under high temperature conditions in the simulation field , using the slicing technique and flow cytometry to meiosis as the center, through meiosis to track during flowering tapetum cells occurred and the demise of the different stages of endogenous hormones clearly and nuclear DNA (RNA) dynamic ebb and flow rule, establishing relationship between the index and pollen sterility.In order to help to understand Tapetal cytology and physiological mechanisms of anther tapetum mutation Under high temperature conditions on island cotton abscission.
新疆是我国唯一的海岛棉产区,持续高温给棉花产量造成了极大损失。研究表明,花药绒毡层是对高温非常敏感的组织,其提前降解可能是直接造成花粉败育的主要原因。进一步分析发现,以往研究花粉败育多侧重于对雄性不育材料在花粉萌发后→受精过程完成一小段时期来揭示其原因的,而在持续高温胁迫下耐高温品种在花粉形成过程中前体物质花药绒毡层变化与花粉败育的关系还少见报道,特别是其不同时期激素水平、核DNA(RNA)含量等相关指标的动态消长与绒毡层及育性的关系还未见报道。本研究以耐高温品种新海35号和温敏品种苏11为研究材料,在模拟田间高温条件下,采用切片技术和流式细胞术,以减数分裂期为中心,通过追踪减数分裂期至开花期间花药绒毡层组织细胞的发生及消亡,明确不同阶段内源激素和核DNA(RNA)动态消长规律,建立各指标间与花粉败育的相关关系,以有助于了解高温条件下绒毡层异变对海岛棉蕾铃脱落的细胞学及生理机制问题。
随着全球气候变暖,季节性持续高温对棉花产量影响极大。花药绒毡层是对高温非常敏感的组织,其提前降解是直接造成花粉败育的主要原因之一。本项目通过追踪减数分裂至开花期花药绒毡层组织细胞的发生及消亡,拟探明花药绒毡层异变与花粉败育的关系,为今后棉花耐高温育种提供技术支撑。 .⑴.阐明了高温条件下耐温和敏温品种不同幼蕾时期的花药发育规律,建立了幼蕾形态与各时期绒毡层变化的对应关系。研究发现,高温胁迫下,海岛棉花药发育各时期均较常温状态蕾大小短1-2mm左右,花药绒毡层发生与消亡均较常温有较早提前。在幼蕾长度为4-5mm时,为花药绒毡层的形成期; 5-6mm,为花粉母细胞发育期;6-7mm,为花粉发育处于减数分裂期;7-8mm,为四分体形成期;8-9mm,小孢子从四分体中释放出来;10-11mm,为绒毡层快速降解期,败育出现。.⑵.摸索出两个品种高温导致花粉育性丧失的胁迫温度及时间下限,确定了绒毡层异变起始及快速降解所需天数。在平均温度38.5℃的高温、空气湿度38%的条件下,敏高温品种第4d花粉开始失活,6d后基本全部失活,耐高温品种则分别出现在第6d和第10d。同时发现敏温品种花药绒毡层快速降解起始于胁迫后3d,6d达到高峰。.⑶.发现了高温胁迫下花药发育中内源激素的消长规律,建立了激素含量与花药绒毡层降解及花粉育性的相互关系。在小孢子发育的关键时期,胁迫后3d,花药内源激素ABA、JA、ET含量呈现逐渐上升趋势,其中ABA由胁迫前的373.5 ug/ml下降到121.4 ug/ml;IAA、GA、SA呈现出下降趋势,其中敏高温品种IAA、GA分别由胁迫前的0.23 ug/ml、35.6ug/ml下降到0.15 ug/ml和10.8ug/ml。胁迫后6d,敏高温品种出现了大量小孢子败育现象。.⑷.得到了不同时期花药核DNA含量、核RNA含量等指标的动态变化规律,建立了在小孢子发育期各性状间的关系。在四分体到绒毡层降解期,高温胁迫下敏温品种的花药核DNA含量伴随着花药发育,呈现出一个先升后降的趋势,而核RNA的变化趋势与之相反。.综上所述,本项目较好完成了项目研究内容,为今后开展耐高温育种提供了可靠依据,研究具有重要科学意义。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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