基于CEI测量的GEO卫星实时被动监测技术研究

The limited geostationary orbit resources have led to the development of co-located satellites GEO technology, which puts forward an urgent need for real-time monitoring of co-located GEO satellites. Active monitoring means with ranging, cannot be able to monitor co-located non-cooperative satellites. Besides, the optical means of passive angle measurement cannot be used at any time, and very long baseline interferometry is mainly used in deep space exploration. This project aims at using the short baseline interferometry technology, which has the advantages of high precision and real-time of passive angle measurement, to carry out orbit determination and maneuvering monitoring research for GEO co-located satellites. In this paper, the method of combining software and hardware to realize the calibration of system difference is proposed, and the fast searching and fixing algorithm of phase ambiguity is explored to realize the high precision time delay measurement for CEI system. The combined orbit monitoring method of ranging and CEI precise angle measurement is studied, and the fusion processing method of high precision orbit determination data based on multi-means and multi-mode is analyzed. This paper explores a high-precision GEO satellite orbit monitoring algorithm with only CEI data, and proposes a fast orbit recovery method using CEI data to capture maneuvering window. The CEI technology can be directly applied to the orbit monitoring mission of GEO orbit co-location satellites. Which is of great significance to improve the flexibility of multi-satellite co-located strategy and extend satellite service life.

静地轨道资源有限导致的分属不同国家的多星并置，对共位GEO卫星的实时监测提出了迫切需求。以测距为主流的主动监测手段，无法监测共位的他方卫星；而被动测角的光学手段不能全天候、甚长基线干涉测量（VLBI）集中应用于深空探测。本课题拟着眼于具有被动测角精度高和实时性强等优势的短基线干涉测量(CEI)技术，利用其开展GEO共位卫星的轨道确定和机动监测研究。提出采用软硬件结合的方法完成系统差的标校，探索快速相位模糊度的搜索和固定算法，实现CEI系统的高精度时延测量。研究测距与CEI精密测角联合轨道监测方法，分析多手段、多模式的高精度定轨数据融合处理方法。探索仅有CEI测角数据的高精度GEO卫星轨道监测算法，提出利用CEI测角数据对机动窗口进行捕获及机动后快速的轨道恢复方法。CEI技术有望直接应用于GEO轨道共位卫星的轨道监测任务，对于增强多星并置策略的灵活性和延长卫星工作寿命具有重要的意义。

静地轨道资源有限导致的分属不同国家的多星并置，对共位GEO卫星的实时监测提出了迫切需求。课题拟着眼于具有被动测角精度高和实时性强等优势的短基线干涉测量技术，利用其开展GEO共位卫星的轨道确定和机动监测研究。本文利用L型正交双基线（75m×35m）CEI测量系统对某GEO电视卫星的轨道进行监测跟踪。通过对采集的相位数据进行处理，获得了相位随时间的变化规律，利用TLE作为先验轨道信息确定整周模糊度，采用批处理算法获得GEO卫星的精密轨道。24小时以上弧段数据解算的ZX-10卫星（C频段）三维位置精度为3km，径向700米。Ku频段受早晚、季节、大气因素影响更为显著；春夏秋相位数据质量低于C频段，而冬季数据质量与C频段相当；因此，冬季的定轨精度与C频段定轨精度相当，达到2Km量级；而春夏秋Ku波段的定轨精度明显低于C波段。通过滑动窗口法监测ZX-10号卫星的相位变化，监测结果与轨控机动时刻基本一致。