竞争性决策的知-情交互机制：整合情绪人际-个人效应和权利认知的实证研究

Traditional researches on competitive decision-making either overlooked the role of the emotion, or only focused on the intrapersonal effect of emotion，and ignored social function and interpersonal effect of emotion. It resulted in inability to explain completely many phenomena in economic, political, management and interpersonal interaction affairs, and not adequate to meet the needs of economic and political decision making and the need of management practice. Obviously, it is necessary to take a series studies on the interactive mechanisms underlying cognition and emotion of competitive decision-making, construction of cognition-emotion interactive mechanism and behavior prediction model. This will contribute to improve different individual’s ability for making effective decisions conforming to ecological rationality, and to provide empirical evidences and strategic references when individuals, enterprises, social organizations and governments consider to access to win-win results or competitive advantages in competitive decision-making situations. Moreover, the results of these studies will provide practical strategies to the political or economic negotiations, resolution of conflicts, public investigations, recruitment and employment. Based on the theories of dual systems of emotional decision and our previous study findings, this project focuses on integral emotion, pre-existing emotion, expected emotion closely related to competitive decision-making, as well as integrate interpersonal effect of emotion, intrapersonal effect of emotion and right cognition effect. Combining with five categories of ecological simulation experiments and two standardized measurements, this project aims to make a further examination on how the factors of cognition and emotion do interact and to act together on the competitive decision strategies and behaviors. Besides, this project makes it clear that how the impacts and moderating effects of personality factors related to decision-making on the above interactive mechanism of cognition-emotion. The last purpose of this project is trying to construct the cognition-emotion interactive mechanism and behavior prediction model of competitive decision-making.

传统竞争性决策研究或忽视情绪作用或聚焦于情绪的个人效应，忽视情绪的社会功能与人际效应，无法全面而完善地解释经济、政治、管理及人际交互中的许多现象，不能满足经济、政治决策和管理实践的需要。研究竞争性决策的知情交互机制、构建心理机制与行为预测理论模型，有助于提高不同主体做出符合生态理性的有效决策的能力，为个人、企事业单位、社会组织及政府在竞争性决策中获得双赢或竞争优势提供科学依据与策略参考，还能为政治或经济谈判、冲突解决、民意调查、人员选拔和求职等提供具体“战术”。本项目基于双系统情绪决策理论和自身前期成果，关注与竞争性决策密切相关的整合情绪、既有情绪与预期情绪，整合情绪的人际效应、个人效应与权利认知，综合运用五类生态模拟实验及两种标准化测量，系统深入地探究上述知情因素如何共同作用于竞争性决策策略与行为，以及决策相关人格因素对上述机制的影响和调节，构建竞争性决策知情交互机制与行为预测理论模型。

研究内容：本项目针对竞争性决策的知情交互机制这一科学问题，基于双系统加工理论和情绪即社会信息模型，从与竞争性决策过程密切相关的整合情绪的个人效应与人际效应、预期情绪的个人效应以及权利认知这几方面对竞争性决策的知情交互机制进行了系统探索。. 重要结果：不同类型的竞争性决策会受到认知与情绪的影响。研究发现：（1）第三方惩罚中存在权利认知效应，即个体会评估自己与他人的权利差异，进而做出自己的决策；且权利认知中还存在“自我权利偏差”，即相较于对他人角色权利的认识，个体更看重自身的角色权利，这可以视为个体生态理性的体现，为进一步揭示第三方惩罚的内在认知机制提供了可能。（2）第三方惩罚中存在整合情绪的个人效应与人际效应。一方面，情绪的自省激发了个体的理性意识；另一方面，个体在不同类型的博弈中均对他人的情绪表达做出了自己的理解，并进一步做出相应决策，这符合情绪即社会信息模型的假设。（3）在第三方惩罚中还发现了权利认知与整合情绪的人际效应的交互作用，支持了情绪即社会信息模型假设的第三种模式。（4）博弈决策中存在他人整合情绪的人际效应，且人际情绪对个体决策的影响具有情境性，受到任务和角色的制约；但博弈决策中不存在预期情绪的个人效应与权利认知效应。. 科学意义：本项目系统深入地探究了认知与情绪如何共同作用于个体的竞争性决策策略与行为，构建了竞争性决策的知情交互机制与行为预测理论模型；本项目的实施既促进了对竞争性决策内在心理机制的理解，又扩展了决策中权利认知效应与情绪效应研究的领域。