基于物联网应用的超低功耗CMOS温度传感芯片的研究

CMOS temperature sensor, which can be embedded in RFID tag and Wireless Sensor Networks, is the fundament of Internet of Things(IoT) development. For universal IoT applications, temperature sensors should not only achieve good accuracy under wide temperature range after simple calibration, but also consume nano-Watt power consumption and as low as possible. The sensor with 71nW, the lowest power consumption in literature, has several disadvantages, such as deficient accuracy, two-point calibration and large noise. In this project, we will investigate new techniques for ultra-low-power temperature sensor design. Firstly, We will propose several ultra-low voltage technologies to achieve 70nW ultra-low power while maintaining good accuracy. Secondly, we will propose an on-chip digital compensation technique to simplify original two-point calibration to one point. Lastly, we will investigate all the thermal noise and flicker noise in the proposed circuits, by the use of frequency- and time- domain analysis methodologies, thermal noise integration model, comparator noise model and so on. The theoretical analysis will be further validated by simulated and experimental results. In summary, the investigated ultra-low voltage technologies, the digital compensation technique and noise analysis are fundamental and important for integrated circuit design.

能集成于射频识别标签及无线传感网络的CMOS温度传感芯片是物联网发展的重要基础。对于普遍的物联网应用，温度传感芯片不仅需要能在宽温度范围下、简单校准后就可实现高精度，还需要能实现尽可能低的纳瓦(nW)级超低功耗。然而，目前国际上实现71nW最低功耗的温度传感芯片设计存在诸多问题，如精度不高、需要两点校准、噪声大。本项目拟研究新式超低功耗温度传感芯片设计，包括（1）研究超低电压技术，提出新的系统架构及电路实现方法，在保证高精度的同时实现约70nW的超低功耗设计。（2）研究并提出片上数字补偿技术，通过自动补偿来简化两点校准至一点。（3）研究拟提出电路的各种热噪声和闪烁噪声贡献，使用频域及时间域噪声分析法，建立热积分噪声、比较器噪声等模型，并用仿真及测试结果验证理论分析。本项目研究的超低电压技术、数字补偿技术、低噪声分析方法是集成电路设计的基础，具有重要的研究意义。

能集成于射频识别标签及无线传感网络的CMOS温度传感芯片是物联网发展的重要基础。对于普遍的物联网应用，温度传感芯片不仅需要能在宽温度范围下、简单校准后就可实现高精度，还需要能实现尽可能低的纳瓦(nW)级超低功耗。然而，国际上已实现超低功耗的温度传感芯片设计存在诸多问题，如精度不高、需要两点校准、噪声大等。本项目研究了多项超低功耗温度传感芯片设计技术，包括可实现超低电压设计的电阻型架构、基于数字补偿的简化校准方法、噪声分析及瞬态仿真、基于新式环形振荡器的全集成温度传感芯片设计等。本项目还将温度传感芯片拓展应用到无线能量管理系统，提出全新的控制方法。本项目提出的多项功耗降低技术是解决模拟集成电路低功耗问题的有效方法，不仅能实现温度传感芯片的低功耗设计，也能为其他芯片设计提供参考，具有重要的研究意义。