平原农区农村空心化演进机制及其区域影响研究——基于城乡要素流动视角

With the acceleration of urbanization, the rural hollowing has been becoming more and more serious, which have produced profound effects on regional and rural development. How to give scientific explanations to the real process of rural hollowing, and to reveal the complexity and its influence, have been the focus of academic studies and policy attention. Using The Huanghuaihai Plain as a study area, the project will construct a multi-scalar analytical framework for understanding the phenomenon of rural hollowing in the context of Chinese transition, inspired by the comprehensive thinking of geographic sciences. The multiple methods including tracking survey, positioning observation, in-depth interviews, remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis, big data analysis and measurement statistics and so on will be employed. This project will explore the inflow processes of rural high quality resources into urban areas while the inferior resources into rural regions, from the microscopic perspective of farmer households, placing the spatial behaviors of rural household in meso- and macro-environment. Meanwhile, the project will study the urban-rural flow of resources, investigate the real processes, evolutionary mechanisms of rural hollowing, and analyze their influences on regional spatial structure, agricultural development as well as ecological environment, through the analysis of scale linkages and factors transmission mechanisms. The project will propose the solutions to the rural hollowing and to the optimization of the urban and rural space, hopefully promoting the Beautiful Countryside Construction in rapidly urbanizing China.

随着城镇化加速发展，我国农村空心化问题越来越严重，对区域和城乡发展的影响越来越深刻。如何科学解释农村空心化的真实过程，揭示农村空心化演进机制及其区域影响，是当前学术研究和政策关注的焦点。本项目选择黄淮海平原农区为研究区，以地理学综合研究思维为指引，尝试构建农村空心化多尺度分析框架，采用追踪调查、定位观测、深度访谈等调查方法以及遥感与GIS空间分析、大数据分析和计量统计等分析方法，从农户微观尺度研究切入，将农户空间行为选择置于中观和宏观环境之中，通过尺度关联和因素传导机制分析，将宏观城乡要素资源流动细化到微观农户空间行为过程中去，进而探索农村优势要素资源向城市区域集聚及其劣势资源在乡村本地累积的时空过程，探究农村空心化的演进机制，分析农村空心化对区域空间结构、农业产业发展、生态环境的影响。在上述研究基础上，提出农村空心化的应对策略和城乡空间优化途径，服务于新型城镇化和美丽乡村建设实践。

随着城镇化加速发展，我国农村空心化问题越来越严重，对区域和城乡发展的影响越来越深刻。本项目运用地理学综合思维方式构建了农村空心化多尺度分析框架，从城乡要素流动视角探究了农村空心化的过程与机制，探究了农村空心化的区域效应，分析了农村空心化整治模式的区域适宜性，提出了农村空心化整治的综合策略与促进乡村振兴的有效路径。主要进展如下：1）以城乡要素流动为主线，基于农村空心化在不同空间尺度上的表现特征，构建了全国-区域-地方-农户多尺度农村空心化分析框架；2）以城乡人口要素流动为关键，在全国和区域尺度上了模拟分析了农村空心村化时空格局特征，采用荟萃分析方法探究了中国农村空心化程度及其整治潜力的空间差异特征；3）基于社会网络分析方法分析了典型地区村镇联系与要素流动特征，揭示农村空心化的过程机制；4）基于农村空心化过程中人口、劳动力、产业等要素外流，探索分析农村空心化及乡村发展转型的区域生态效应；5）总结分析了中国空心村整治典型模式空间分布特征，提出了不同类型区农村空心化整治模式选择及实现路径。.在课题资助下，已发表相关论文9篇，其中SSCI论文2篇。课题支持培养研究生3名，其中2名已经毕业。课题研究成果应用到山东、陕西等农村土地综合整治实践。