基于自组织理论适应行为节能的建筑热工设计

Most existing technologies of building energy efficiency belong to the type of energy intensity reduction. They are mainly realized through the technologies of thermal insulation and heat insulation of enveloping structures. After years of development, such energy-saving technologies have entered the bottleneck phase. The technologies reducing energy consumption time has great potential, behavior energy Efficiency falls into this category of technology. Behavior energy-saving requirements building thermal characteristics not only meet the air condition working conditions, but also to meet the natural ventilation conditions, and the two operating conditions irregular combination. So this poses a high demand for the thermal performance of the building. This project takes residential buildings with household energy consumption as the research object. By analyzing the applicable conditions of various energy-saving behaviors, it presents the combination mode with air-conditioning equipment and analyzes the potential for energy saving. Comparing the thermal characteristics of heat storage, heat transfer mechanism and other thermal characteristics under air conditioning and natural ventilation, the evaluation index system of thermal characteristics to meet the multi-conditions of free combination operation is established. The evaluation index system of dynamic human body thermal comfort which is suitable for multi-condition operation is established, and the indoor environmental parameters of energy consumption calculation are given. The self-organization theory is introduced into the thermal design of buildings, and an open system consisting of human body and building envelope is constructed. Based on the double targets of energy consumption and thermal comfort, a thermal design method of buildings with appropriate behaviors and energy conservation is proposed and validated. This study deepens the design thinking of building thermal engineering and expands the approach of building energy-saving technologies, which will effectively promote the sustainable development of building energy-saving technologies in our country.

现有建筑节能技术多属减少能耗强度类型，主要通过保温和隔热技术实现，已进到发展瓶颈期。通过减少用能时间的技术更具潜力，行为节能正属于此类技术。行为节能要求建筑热工特性既满足空调工况，又满足自然通风工况，且两种工况不规则组合运行，这就对建筑热工性能提出较高要求。而行为节能领域缺少对建筑热工性能的适宜性研究。本项目通过分析多种节能行为适用的气候及热工条件，给出其与空调设备的组合模式，分析节能潜力。对比空调工况和自然通风工况围护结构传热机理、蓄放热、热惰性等方面差异，建立满足多工况自由组合的热工特性评价体系。提出多工况运行的动态人体热舒适评价方法。将自组织理论引入建筑热工设计领域，构建人体与建筑的开放系统，在能耗和热舒适双指标约束下，提出适宜行为节能的建筑热工设计方法并验证有效性。本研究将深化建筑热工设计研究，拓展建筑节能技术途径，有力促进建筑节能技术发展。

为突破能耗强度节能的技术瓶颈，提出了以减少用能时间为措施的行为节能技术措施。行为节能基于人体热耐受的热调节机能，对室内环境提出与以往不同的需求。相应的，行为节能要求建筑热工特性既满足空调工况，又满足自然通风工况，且两种工况不规则组合运行，这就对建筑热工性能提出较高要求。而行为节能领域缺少对建筑热工性能的适宜性研究。为了更有效的推进行为节能技术发展，课题组通过原理、机理的分析，通过多地的实测与实验室测试，通过现场调查问卷、模拟分析等方法，探索了适应行为节能的室内热环境需求、动态热响应特征显著的建筑热工设计方法体系。建立了我国5个建筑热工分区居住建筑的行为节能运行规律；确立各行为的热容忍温度，建立了各降温行为方式的适用条件并分析了最大节能潜力。初步建立了夏季空调节能行为的热感觉基础。深入阐释了围护结构动态热响应的机理，提出了基于最大防热量的建筑防热动态热性能分析方法，提出了多工况下建筑热性能的综合性评价，建立了行为节能与墙体动态热响应之间的逻辑关系；从开放系统、远离平衡态、突变性和非线性性4方面提炼了建筑热工设计的自组织特征。引入自组织理论，提出了在建筑热工设计中构建室外气候环境、建筑（围护结构）以及室内微气候及人这三个子系统，以子系统关系来协调热工设计逻辑。分析了保温、隔热热工设计在自组织热工系统设计中的差异，分别提出了基于自组织理论的保温和隔热热工设计方法与流程。选取典型气候典型居住建筑，对热工设计方法进行了验证。本研究丰富了建筑热工设计方法，拓展了建筑节能设计体系。