城市室内外耦合热环境中的建筑热工设计

Urban environment have a significant impact on the building thermal environment because that the buildings through the reflected radiation and the discharging heat act backwards on the outdoor micro-heat environment, thus this urban environment changed by the buildings further act on the buildings. It becomes more complex that making the buildings thermal design because the heat environment indoor-outdoor mutual coupling is continuous. Radiation is the main way of the indoor-outdoor thermal coupling effect. Therefore, on the basis of the coupling effect, the study on the buildings radiant heat mechanism is important to the buildings thermal design and the indoor-outdoor thermal environment construction technology. Subject to radiant heat as a link, firstly, the topic analysis the key effect elements of the urban outdoor complex radiation field, put forward its evaluation system and distribution, and build the coupled heat transfer model of the buildings envelope thermal and radiation. On this basis, it elaborate detailed the mechanism of the city outdoor radiation field to the buildings thermal and energy consumption, the warming mechanism of the reflected radiation and the long-wave radiation to the outdoor air, and the adverse mechanism of the buildings to the outdoor thermal environment. Finally, it give the building radiant heat analysis methods and the building thermal design strategy on the basis of the coupling mode of the indoor-outdoor thermal environment in the city, which is the foundation for the buildings energy technology innovation and the sustainable urban development.

城市环境对建筑热环境产生重要影响，建筑通过辐射传热对室外微热环境产生逆向作用，被建筑“改造”的城市环境又作用于建筑，室内外热环境不断相互耦合，使得筑热工设计变得更加复杂。辐射是室内外耦合热作用的主要方式，开展室内外耦合热环境中基于辐射热作用的建筑热工设计研究对于室内外热环境营造及建筑节能技术具有重要意义。课题以辐射热为纽带，首先分析城市室外复杂辐射场的关键影响要素，提出辐射场评价指标体系，建立辐射场分布规律，构建建筑围护结构导热与辐射耦合传热模式。详细论述城市室外辐射场对建筑热过程及建筑能耗的影响。阐述反射辐射和长波辐射对室外空气的增温机理，分析建筑对室外热环境逆向影响。最后，简化城市室内外热环境复杂耦合作用模式，给出基于辐射热的复杂城市环境建筑热工设计策略，为建筑节能技术创新和城市可持续发展奠定基础。

太阳辐射是影响室外热环境和建筑能耗的关键因素。我国快速发展的城市化进程使得城市空间利用形式越来越复杂，形成了新的复杂城市辐射场，从而对室外热环境、建筑用能等产生显著影响。. 通过分析高密度建筑围合空间中短波辐射、长波辐射的组成元素，以及对比围合空间与开敞空间辐射组分和作用方式的差别，提出了城市复杂辐射场的概念。研究了城市下垫面对于辐射场的影响方式。提出了基于半球视野空间划分的球面三角法来计算辐射角系数，为复杂辐射场中长短波的辐射计算模型典型了基础。分析了短波辐射在建筑围合空间中各表面间的相互遮挡关系以及长波辐射在各个表面间彼此的发射和反射关系。提出了城市空间中短波、长波计算模型，构建复杂辐射场的理论计算模型。通过多地的实测完善并验证了上述模型的有效性。. 优化了辐射作用下围护结构传热计算方法，分析了强辐射作用下高湿气候条件下围护结构的传热机理，并优化了传湿计算模型。优化了强辐射作用下围护结构隔热设计策略。提出了基于建筑形体的太阳能建筑采暖效率计算方法。以围合空间中辐射场的辐射强度为边界条件，以寒冷地区，夏热冬暖地区为例，分析了城市复杂辐射场变化对于建筑采暖、空调能耗的影响。对比了辐射与其他气象参数对建筑能耗影响的差异性，分析了城市辐射场对城市微气候的影响。. 本项目的研究深化了辐射热作用对围护结构传热的机理、对建筑能耗的影响规律，丰富了城市热气候、建筑热工、建筑节能的理论方法，完善了建筑节能设计策略体系，为城市热环境及建筑节能设计的纵深发展奠定了基础。