中国城市热岛与大气污染的时空变化关系及影响因素研究

Urban heat island (UHI) effect and air pollution (AP) are common environmental problems in urban areas, however there are obvious spatial and temporal heterogeneities in different contents. Due to both of them have obvious negative effects on human health and ecology environment, there has been lack of previous studies on the relationship between of UHI and AP at different spatial and temporal scales, correlation between influencing factors. This project intends to uses multi-source data sets such as remote sensing, ground observation and social economic statistics, and comprehensively employ methods such as landscape ecology, econometrics and spatio-temporal data analysis and mining. Investigate the spatial and temporal distribution pattern of UHI intensity and AP at prefecture-level cities in China during 2016-2018, to illuminate the relationship between UHI and AP at annual, seasonal and monthly scales. Then, build a new urbanization index system, and establish geographically weighted regression (GWR) model for UHI, AP and indicators systems, to analysis the correlation of influencing factors of UHI, AP. Finally, selected 31 major cities as representatives to studies the long-term evolution relationship among urban development, economy and environment under different regions background during 2004-2018, and propose mitigation measures for UHI and AP. Through the research, it can provide reference for urban ecological environment research and urban planning.

城市热岛效应与大气污染是城市地区普遍存在的环境问题，但在不同的背景下有明显的时空异质性。由于两者对人类健康和生态环境显著的负面效应，但之前缺乏在不同尺度下两者的时空变化关系、影响因素的关联性研究。因此，本项目拟利用遥感、地表观测和社会统计等多源数据集，综合运用景观生态学、计量经济学和时空数据分析与挖掘等方法，调查2016-2018年间中国地级市尺度昼夜地表城市热岛强度与大气污染的时空分布格局，阐明两者在年度、季度和月度下的时空变化关系。然后，建立新的城市化指标系统，分别构建城市热岛、大气污染物与指标系统之间的地理加权回归模型，分析城市热岛、大气污染影响因素的关联性。最后，选取31个主要城市为代表，研究2004-2018年间不同区域背景下城市发展、经济与环境三者之间的长期演化关系，并提出城市热岛与大气污染的缓解措施。通过开展本研究，能够为城市生态环境研究、城市规划工作提供相应参考依据。

城市热岛与大气污染近年来成为城市地区的普遍环境问题，两者在时空分布格局及影响因素等多方面存在相关关系，但由于地理位置、经济发展、城市形态等多种因素的影响，在不同城市存在明显的差异，因此，研究围绕多尺度下城市热岛与大气污染时空分布格局；两者影响因素相关性；区域背景下两者的时空变化关系三个方面开展研究。取得的主要进展如下：.1.调查了2016-2018年间全国地级市昼夜地表城市热岛强度、6种大气污染物浓度时空分布格局及其变化关系。.2.构建了昼夜城市热岛强度、大气污染物浓度与城市化指标之间的地理加权回归模型。.3.分析了我国31个主要城市城市热岛强度与大气污染之间的时空变化关系。.本项目的研究成果有助于深入了解城市热岛与大气污染的科学认识，为城市化对城市生态环境的影响提供新思路和方法。