意外事件中创业团队的认知系统、知识整合对新创企业竞争能力的影响研究

Founding team frequently encounter surprising events that have significant impact on their new ventures. A surprise could be either an opportunity or a threat for new ventures. The previous studies about surprises are almost based on enterprise entities，and most of them are established companies. There's few researches which considering how founding team members' cognition influece their response and their competitive capabilities of new ventures. This study intends to start from the perspective of collective cognitive under the context of Chinese transitional economies. First, we will integrate four characters about surprise, which are sudden, complexity, fuzzification and unpredictability respectively, then take the differences in the maturity of institution environment and marketing environment into account and develop the scale about entrepreneurial surprises under the context of of Chinese transitional economies. Then, we will explore how the gap of knowledge and information brought by surprises would influence founding teams' knowledge integration based on the knowledge-based view (KBV). At last we will also analyze the mechanism how founding teams' knowledge integration impact the new ventures' dynamic capability which from inside to outside and adaptive capability which from outside to inside with the institution environment and marketing environment's moderating effect.This research will provide suggestions for new ventures to improve the viability when surprises happened.

创业过程中的意外事件对新创企业的发展具有里程碑式的意义，它既可能产生危及企业生存的负面冲击，也可能带来意想不到的发展机遇。已有关于意外事件的研究往往针对的是企业主体，且多为成熟企业，鲜有考虑创业团队成员的认知对意外事件的应对的影响及其对企业后续竞争力影响的研究。 本项目拟从中国转型经济情境和创业团队认知的角度出发，首先综合意外事件突发性、复杂性、模糊性、不可预测性四个维度的抽象特征以及制度环境与市场环境的成熟度差异，开发创业意外事件的量表；然后基于知识基础论（Knowledge-based View）,探讨意外事件带来的新知识（信息）的需求缺口会对创业团队的知识整合行为产生什么样的影响，然后分析在制度环境和市场环境变量调节下，创业团队的知识整合对新创企业"由内及外"的动态能力以及"由外而内"的适应能力的影响机理，从而为新创企业提高在意外事件中的生存力提供建议。

根据项目申请书的研究计划，本项目主要研究工作包括三个方面：1）基于知识基础观，探讨意外事件带来的新知识（信息）的需求缺口会对创业团队的知识整合行为产生什么样的影响。2）分析在制度环境和市场环境变量调节下，创业团队的知识整合对新创企业“由内及外”的动态能力以及“由外而内”的适应能力的影响机理。3）新创企业成立初期发展经验和组织惯例贫乏，探究新创企业即兴竞争战略的形成过程。具体研究成果包括：1）从创业团队的交互记忆系统视角出发，系统研究了创业团队对新信息和新知识的搜寻行为，建立了创业团队创新注意力决定因素的理论框架。2）从团队先前经验出发，在充分考虑创业团队工作的特殊性和复杂性的基础上，从多个角度分析创业团队适应能力的影响因素，从而为新创企业提高在动态环境中的生存能力提供建议。3）探究了新创企业即兴竞争战略的形成过程，并提出了即兴战略演化为企业组织惯例的重要条件，在对实际创业企业的竞争战略指导中取得了较好的效果。