机载天线设计中的变换光学

Transformation optics, as a new means of manipulating electromagnetic fields, has established a fresh paradigm in the electromagnetics community. This technique offers an effective way to control the propagating waves by changing the constitutive parameters of the space. Invisible cloak is the most representative design of such a theory. However, transformation optics is by no means the cloaking alone, but can be widely applied to many other engineering fields. This project will extend transformation optics in the antenna design on the small airborne platform, with the aim to provide theoretical and technical supports for constructing the new generation of the airborne radar system and communication equipment. We will study the high-gain surface wave conformal antenna designs based on transformation optics in order to propose new form of high quality airborne end-fire antenna arrays. We will study the broadband antenna stealth designs based on transformation optics in order to effectively reduce the radar cross section of the airborne antennas. We will study the insulation designs between the mutual interference antennas based on transformation optics in order to realize more efficient layout optimization for airborne antenna system. The research outcomes of this project will improve the electromagnetic wave control technology, promote the application of transformation optics in the antenna engineering, and inspire scientists to come up with transformational designs that are geared towards the enhancement of the performance of electromagnetic components, and overcoming current limitations.

变换光学作为全新的电磁波调控手段，开启了现代电磁学应用研究的一个崭新方向：通过改变目标空间中介质材料的本构参数来有效控制电磁波的传播路径。"电磁隐身衣"便是这一理论最具代表性的设计。然而，变换光学绝不仅限于实现完美隐身，而是可以广泛地应用于诸多工程技术领域。本项目旨在探索变换光学在机载平台天线设计中的应用，为构建新一代机载雷达系统和通信设备提供理论和技术支撑。项目重点研究：变换光学在高增益表面波共形天线设计中的应用，以期实现新型优质的机载端射天线阵列；变换光学在宽频隐身结构与天线一体化设计中的应用，以期实现机载天线雷达散射截面的有效缩减；变换光学在互扰天线间隔离设计中的应用，以期实现机载多天线系统中更高效的布局优化。项目研究成果将有助于建立更为完善的电磁波调控技术，推动变换光学在实际天线工程中的应用，并为广泛地将变换光学应用于提高传统电磁器件性能和突破原有设计局限提供研究思路。

本项目探索了变换光学在机载平台天线设计中的应用，利用新型电磁波调控理论与技术实现了：1、基于变换光学的表面波端射天线，基于超传输的缝隙阵列频扫天线，基于变换光学的双功能菲涅尔天线，和基于变换光学的扇形波束透镜天线等等，这些研究成果有助于新型高增益机载天线的设计与实现； 2、基于变换光学的伪装超表面及新型吸波体，和低散射的夹角反射面天线等等，这些研究成果有助于实现机载天线的新型隐身设计； 3. 基于超传输的门控电磁通路与机械调整超表面的天线多陷波设计等等，这些研究成果为实现多天线布局优化和电磁兼容性设计提供了有效方案。综上，本项目按计划完成了《机载天线设计中的变换光学》的研究目标与研究内容，研究成果将有助于建立更为完善的电磁波调控技术，并推动变换光学在实际天线工程中的应用。