面孔表情情绪识别的个体差异及其神经机制

Rapid detection of emotional facial expressions (e.g., fearful faces) is important for human survival and social communication. The ability to rapidly detect facial expressions exhibits high variability across individuals.The project combin event-related potentials and event-related oscillations techniques to investigate individual difference in the recognition of emotion from facial expressions and its neural mechanisms. The aim of study 1 was to examine individual difference in the recognition of emotion from six basic facial expressions (happy, anger, fear, sad,disgust,surprise) and its neural mechanisms. The aim of study 2 was to further examine indivual difference in the recognition of emotion from intense positive and negative emotional faces. The previous study found that during peak intensity moments, facial reactions could overlap and nondiagnostic for the affective valence of the situation, and body context could "step in" and aid in disambiguating the face. Therefore, study 2 also examined the role of body cues in discriminating intense positive from negative emotions. The aim of study 3 was to further investigate the neural mechanism of plasticity in the ability to recognize emotion from facial expression.In general, the methods of both the event-related potentials and event-related oscillations can make us explore the neural mechanisms of emotional face processing and its relationship with individual behavioral performance from the perspective of both the time-course and time-frequencies.

情绪识别指从他人面部表情、言语声调或肢体动作中推断情绪信息的能力。其中，面孔表情识别是情绪识别的核心。能够快速有效地从他人面孔表情中识别出情绪，对个体的生存和生活有着重要的意义。然而已有研究发现，个体情绪识别能力存在着很大的个体差异。本项目采用后掩蔽范式和表情识别范式，并结合事件相关电位（ERP）和事件相关振荡(ER0)技术，对面孔表情情绪识别能力的个体差异的神经机制进行了系统研究。首先研究一考察了六种基本面孔表情识别的个体差异及神经机制，关注个体能力与神经反应之间的相关关系，再通过研究二考察了生活中常见的高强度面孔表情识别的个体差异及神经机制。研究三进一步关注了个体面孔表情识别能力的可塑性机制，试图找到与可塑性对应的神经机制反应。申请人经过了严格、系统的认知神经科学训练，已在国外SCI权威刊物上发表5篇论文，为本项目的实施提供了坚实的基础。

面孔表情对人类的社会交往起着重要的作用。本项目研究了注意资源、身体表情、个体的厌恶敏感性特质和社会地位对面孔表情情绪识别的影响。我们的研究发现了：无意识的恐惧面孔加工依赖于任务的注意负荷，而且注意资源对无意识恐惧面孔加工是必须的。在高强度面孔与身体情绪的整合中，不一致的情绪刺激比一致的刺激诱发了更大的P1成分，表明大脑可以快速识别面孔与身体的整合信息。而且，胜利的图片诱发了更大的P3波幅，表明大脑对赢的信息投入更多的注意资源。另外，个体的厌恶敏感性特质影响了面孔表情的无意识加工：个体厌恶敏感性与厌恶面孔的N1和P3成分的波幅存在显著相关，与恐惧和愤怒面孔的波幅则不存在相关。个体的社会地位影响着他人对其面孔的疼痛共情反应：被试对较低社会地位玩家的面孔图片产生了与疼痛共情脑区（如前中扣带回和前部脑岛）的激活反应，而对较高社会地位玩家的面孔图片却未产生类似反应。我们的研究扩展了人们对面孔表情情绪识别的认识，加深我们对面孔加工复杂性的理解。