恐惧、高兴微表情识别的认知神经机制

Protecting people's security is a challenging problem. Criminal activities targeting unspecified groups happened occasionally. Potential malfeasants must hide their mal-intent before a crime to avoid being discovered. A technique that helps to find the clues of deception before harm occurs will be of great significance for national security. Microexpression is one of the effective clues for detecting deception. Moreover, microexpressions of fear and happiness are associated with deception more tightly. Microexpressions, however, are of transient duration and lower frequency. How can we recognize microexpressions of fear and happiness effectively and efficiently? The mechanisms that underlie the recognition of microexpressions of fear and happiness remain to be elucidated. In the current research cognitive and neural mechanisms of the effects of aspects of microexpressions (such as the duration, viewpoints, parts of microexpressions) and perceivers' characteristics (e.g., age, gender, emotional intelligence) on recognizing microexpressions of fear and happiness will be investigated. During the entire research process, behavioral experiments, psychophysiological experiment and techniques of eye-movement, far-infrared imaging, ERPs, fNIRS and fMRI will be combined to elucidate the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying the recognition of microexpression of fear and happiness. Findings from the current research will contribute to greater understanding of recognition of fear and happiness microexpressions; and provide the basis for the application of fear and happiness microexpressions.

当前针对群体的犯罪时有发生。犯罪分子犯罪前需要隐瞒可能暴露其犯罪意图的各种线索，若能进行欺骗检测提前发现这些线索将对国家安全具有重要价值。微表情是一种有效的欺骗检测线索，恐惧、高兴两种微表情与欺骗联系尤为紧密。微表情的共同特点是持续时间短、出现频率低，如何才能有效且高效地识别恐惧、高兴两种微表情？需要对这两种微表情的识别机制进行深入研究。本研究拟考察微表情本身因素（呈现时间、呈现频率、呈现的不同局部等）与被试特征（如年龄、性别、情绪智力）对恐惧、高兴微表情识别的影响及相应的认知与脑机制。整个研究综合利用行为、生理心理、眼动以及认知神经科学研究手段，多角度、系统深入地考察恐惧与高兴微表情的识别机制,进一步深化对恐惧与高兴微表情的认识，为这两种微表情在欺骗检测中的应用奠定理论基础。

微表情是相对于持续时间较长的宏表情而言的一种快速的表情，反映了内心的真实情绪体验，具有无法完全抑制的特点；和欺骗密切相关，恐惧、高兴两种微表情与欺骗联系尤其紧密。微表情的一个重要应用是作为欺骗检测线索，但微表情应用到欺骗检测中的前提是能够较好的识别出微表情，本课题从人的识别的角度，重点考察了恐惧、高兴两种与欺骗密切相关的微表情的识别及相应的认知神经机制。得到了以下五个主要的结果：1）. 识别微表情与识别宏表情是两种不同的心理加工过程；2）恐惧、高兴等微表情虽然呈现时间十分短暂，但其情感效价信息可以得到加工； 3）眼睛、嘴唇等部位对恐惧与高兴等微表情的识别相对较为重要；4）识别者的年龄、种族影响恐惧与高兴微表情的识别准确率；5）微表情识别能力可以通过训练得到提高，这种提高主要跟 脑区的活动增强有关。本研究深化了对如何识别微表情的认识，较好地阐明了人们是如何加工微表情信息是的，为下一步将微表情应用到欺骗检测的理论与实践研究奠定了坚实的基础。