装配式建筑体系“拆分限制”与“协调约束”设计方法研究

At present, after the conventional design is completed in accordance with the site construction way, then the second separation is carried out with the prefabrication requirement in many prefabricated buildings. which causes that many types of assembly units which resulting in an increase of construction cost are generated in one single system of assembly building, and the coordination between one system and the other one is not systematic, which could make the problem of declining of construction quality. The project aims to find the law which can limit the types of assembly units to the minimum and how can different assembly building systems or assembly units match each other well. Through concluding the key factors affecting the resolution and the key factors which coordinate assembly units or assembly building systems, as well as understanding the process how these key factors affect the construction of assembly building system, the conditions to limit the types of assembly units to the minimum and the law to coordinate different systems can be explored. It will change the current design way that the assembling design operates after the design of cast-in-place system as the assembling design and the conventional design are separated. By the way, it provides a scientific reference and method for early intervention for the conventional design stage, What’s more, the assembling design and the conventional design can operate at the same time, which can effectively reduce the types of assembly units and cut down the cost. Last but not least, it can effectively enhance the coordination between systems to improve the quality of construction.

针对目前装配式建筑中先依照现场施工方式完成常规设计、之后再以装配化要求进行二次拆分，从而使得建筑单个体系内拆分的装配单元类型较多、引起建安成本增加；体系与体系间尚未进行系统化的协调匹配、使得建造品质不高的问题，本项目旨在探寻单个体系内使得装配单元类型最少化、体系与体系间能够协调匹配的作用机理。通过对影响拆分的关键因素，对决定装配单元间、不同体系间组合协调的关键因素的归纳，并通过关键因素与装配式建筑体系的作用过程，从而探索出单个体系内使得装配单元类型最少化的限制条件、体系与体系间组合协调的约束法则。使得当下先按照现场施工方式进行设计、之后再依照装配式建造要求二次拆分的常规设计与拆分设计分离状态有所改观，为常规设计提供一种可提前介入的科学参考与方法依据。装配式设计与常规设计并行化运作的同时，能够有效减少装配单元类型、使得建安成本下降，并且也能有效增强体系与体系间的协调匹配、使得建造质量提升。

本项目针对当下我国装配式建筑设计中单个体系内拆分的装配单元类型较多从而引起建安成本增加、体系与体系之间尚未进行系统化协调匹配从而引起建造质量下降的问题，提出了探寻单个体系内使得装配单元类型最少化的限制条件及探寻体系与体系之间协调组合的约束法则的设计方法。项目研究过程中分别对装配式建筑项目的优化设计与连接方式、装配式建筑设计的“模块化”方法、装配式建筑体系拆分设计的限制条件及装配式建筑设计的“并行化”操作方法进行了探索。其中在装配式建筑项目优化设计与连接方式层面，通过一系列实际工程案例的实践，建立了装配单元与结构体系的预埋龙骨的干式机械连接方式，可为框架结构体系类装配式建筑项目的干式连接提供参考；在装配式建筑设计的“模块化”方法研究层面，构建了幼儿园建筑设计中的功能空间模块化数理组合设计方法，可为教育类建筑的模块化设计及装配化建造提供支持；在装配式建筑体系拆分设计的限制条件探索方面，构建了影响构件拆分的参数因子作用量化赋值图，并提出了基于递归算法的拆分限制探索运作流程，可用于装配式项目设计中关于优化拆分单元类型及数量的参考，能够起到降低项目运营成本及提升设计效率的作用；在装配式建筑设计的“并行化”操作研究层面，构建了装配式建筑设计“并行化”操作方法的运行框架，为装配式建筑项目的运作介入数字化平台及体系与体系间的协作提供参考，为使我国装配式建筑项目的运作步入科学化与高效化层面提供基础支撑。