激光陀螺光束微精密耦合机理与协调控制方法研究

Ring laser gyroscope (RLG) is an ideal device of strap-down inertial navigation system, which plays a very important role, especially in the field of national defense. Laser-beam coupling assembly is a key step in the process of RLG manufacture. However, being short of the research related to the mechanism and coordinated control method about it, the assembly is completed mainly by means of manpower in China until now. It influences the assembly quality and efficiency seriously because of blind, uncontrollable operating and low precision. Aimed to the developing trend and needs in RLG manufacture of high-accuracy, high-performance, high-efficiency and batch-bulk, this project will discuss the typical RLG. Firstly, by analyzing the properties of optical devices’ kinematics and dynamics in the laser-beam coupling assembly process, reveal the mechanism of laser-beam coupling and clarify the rule about how the optical devices’ positions and postures influnence the coupling laser-beam. Secondly, by analyzing the quality influence factors of laser-beam coupling, the relational model of laser-beam coupling processing parameter and coupling quality, and the model of coupling quality and RLG performance are established. Thirdly, a multi-parameter regulatory method of the optical devices’ positions and postures under the effect of multi-force coupling are presented. The method can control the optical devices’ positions and postures rapidly and precisely. Finally, the laser-beam coupling equipment prototype will be built on the basis of theoretical research. These studies and equipments will achieve high-quality and high-efficiency assembly for RLG, which will provide theoretical, methods, and technical support for our RLG manufacturing technology.

激光陀螺是捷联式惯性导航系统的理想器件，尤其在国防领域，具有举足轻重的地位。光束微精密耦合是激光陀螺制造过程中一个至关重要环节，由于缺乏对其机理及协调控制方法的研究，至今国内仍然采用人工装配，操作盲目不可控且精度低，严重影响了装配的质量和效率。针对高精度、高性能、高效率及批量化激光陀螺制造的发展趋势和需求，本项目从典型激光陀螺入手，通过对光束微精密耦合过程中光学器件的运动学及动力学特性分析，揭示光束微精密耦合机理，并阐明光学器件位置姿态变化对耦合光束的影响规律。通过对光束微精密耦合质量影响因素分析，建立其工艺参数与耦合质量、耦合质量与激光陀螺性能之间的关系模型，优化工艺流程。提出多力耦合作用下光学器件位姿多参数协调控制方法，快速、精确控制光学器件位姿。在理论研究基础上，建立光束微精密耦合装备原型，实现激光陀螺高质量、高效率装配，为我国激光陀螺制造技术的发展提供理论、方法与技术支撑。

激光陀螺是捷联式惯性导航系统的理想器件，尤其在国防领域，具有举足轻重的地位。光束微精密耦合是激光陀螺制造过程中一个至关重要环节，由于缺乏对其机理及协调控制方法的研究，至今国内仍然采用人工装配，操作盲目不可控且精度低，严重影响了装配的质量和效率。针对高精度、高性能、高效率及批量化激光陀螺制造的发展趋势和需求，本项目从典型激光陀螺入手，通过对光束微精密耦合过程中光学器件的运动学及动力学特性分析，揭示了光束微精密耦合机理，并阐明了光学器件位置姿态变化对耦合光束的影响规律。分析了光束微精密耦合质量影响因素，发现：激光陀螺的抖动频率、振幅、光学器件之间的吸附力、摩擦力、压力及点胶量等工艺参数对光束微精密耦合质量的影响较大，且耦合质量直接影响激光陀螺角速度测量的准确性。针对耦合信号比较微弱的特点，对耦合信号进行了I-V转换、放大、滤波、采集及分析，准确得出了装配质量的评价参数。提出了多力耦合作用下光学器件位姿多参数协调控制方法，并设计了自动搜索算法，可以快速、精确地控制光学器件位姿。在理论研究基础上，建立了光束微精密耦合实验系统。实际装配结果统计显示，使用该系统进行光束精密耦合装配，复测合格率达到98％，表明该系统能够代替人工完成合光装配操作，质量一致性优于人工的随机装配。且采用该合光系统进行操作培训，工人在一周之内即可熟练进行合光装配，远低于培养一个合格的手工配装工人需要的时间。以上研究表明该系统具有实际应用价值，为我国激光陀螺制造技术的发展提供了理论、技术与装备支撑。