中国裂孔菌科的分类和分子系统学研究

Schizoporaceae, belonging to Hymenochaetales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, is an important group of wood-inhabiting corticioid macrofungi. Taxonomical research on Chinese fungal resource of Schizoporaceae is almost restricted in Taiwan and a few areas of Mainland China, and mainly morphology-based identifies Chinese specimens according to the concepts of European and American species. Therefore, it is hard to comprehensively summarize the diversity of fungal resource of this family in China. In Europe and America, taxonomy of species in Schizoporaceae is extensively studied, but no study of molecular systematics specially focusing on this family has been carried out. The phylogenetic relationships among genera in Schizoporaceae and species in each genus of Schizoporaceae are still uncertain, and the gap of phylogenetic knowledge also confuses the selection of generic rank when describing a new species of Schizoporaceae from China. Given above, this project tries to have a series of extensive field investigations in various kinds of forest reserves locating in different climate zones throughout China for collecting fresh basidiocarps of Schizoporaceae as specimens, to classify conserved Chinese specimens of Schizoporaceae in the herbarium of Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and to ask loans of type specimens and newly collected specimens from type localities of Schizoporaceae from famous herbaria both inside and outside China. All of these specimens will be subjected to morphological examinations and multi-locus molecular sequencing. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis, including Chinese, European and American species of Schizoporaceae, will be performed. Combined the morphological and phylogenetic evidence, 1) new taxonomical units at generic and species levels in Schizoporaceae will be identified and described, and the diversity and distribution of the fungal resource of this family in China will be revealed; 2) stable and reliable morphological characters of Schizoporaceae in taxonomy will be elucidated, and accordingly a more natural taxonomical system of this family will be proposed.

裂孔菌科隶属于担子菌门、伞菌纲、锈革孔菌目，是大型木生革菌的一个重要类群。我国对于裂孔菌科真菌资源的分类研究主要局限在台湾地区及大陆的少数地区，且大多仅依据形态学特征，按照欧美种类概念鉴定标本，因此难以全面反映我国该科资源多样性。欧美虽对裂孔菌科种类研究比较深入，但尚未开展过专门针对该科的分子系统学研究，该科主要属间及属下种间系统发育关系和形态界限仍不明确，这也为描述我国新种时界定其属级分类单元带来困扰。鉴于此，本项目拟对我国不同气候带各种森林类型中的裂孔菌科真菌进行详细调查和标本采集，同时整理借阅国内外主要标本馆馆藏的该科模式标本和模式产地新采集标本；对这些标本进行形态学研究和多基因分子序列测定，并将我国种类与欧美种类一并进行系统发育分析。综合上述结果，发现并描述裂孔菌科的属种等新分类单元，明确我国该科资源多样性及分布；阐明裂孔菌科稳定可靠的形态分类性状，构建该科更加自然合理的分类体系。

裂孔菌科隶属于担子菌门、伞菌纲、锈革孔菌目，世界广布，是大型木生革菌的一个重要类群。我国对于裂孔菌科真菌资源的分类研究主要局限在台湾地区及大陆的少数地区，且大多仅依据形态学特征，按照欧美种类概念鉴定标本，因此难以全面反映我国该科资源多样性。欧美虽对裂孔菌科种类研究比较深入，但尚未专门针对该科开展高分类等级的的分子系统学研究，该科主要属间及属下种间系统发育关系和形态界限仍不明确，这也为描述我国新种时界定其属级分类单元带来困扰。鉴于此，本项目整理借阅了国内外主要标本馆馆藏的该科种类标本，在我国不同气候带各种森林类型以及马来西亚、澳大利亚和埃塞俄比亚典型森林生态系统进行了裂孔菌科真菌资源调查和标本采集；对这些标本进行形态学研究和多基因分子序列测定，并将全球的种类一并进行系统发育分析。综合上述结果，发现裂孔菌科并非单系起源，狭义的裂孔菌科仅包括两个属，划分出锈革孔菌目中科级分类位置不确定的两个属，建立两个单属新科，发现上述六个属的新种22个，提出新组合种1个，给出了详细的科、属检索表。本项目增加了对原属于裂孔菌科的真菌资源多样性的认识，更为重要的是为原裂孔菌科提出了更加自然合理的分类体系。