软岩水-力耦合的流变损伤多尺度力学试验系统

It has long been a frontier and fundamental research issue worthy of particular attention to develop large-scale scientific instruments in the field of engineering geology, which is also urgently needed for the study of major engineering disasters. Whereas, the current bottleneck problem arises from the absence of large laboratory experiment apparatus capable of mimicking the true engineering environmental conditions, and meanwhile the lack of techniques for precisely monitoring the whole testing process and measuring it at a multi-scale level. Therefore, by focusing on the issue about the fundamental mechanism and control of major engineering disasters, this research project will be aimed at developing a multi-scale mechanical testing system for the study of hydro-mechanical coupling rheological damage of soft rock. The main research works include: (1) the development of the transparent chamber with high dynamic/static water pressure as well as the triaxial synchronous-loading system, which is able to simulate the soft rock in hydro-mechanical state in engineering practice; (2) the development of a real-time measurement system with the use of fiber optic sensing technology, which is capable of measuring at a multi-scale level and meanwhile accurately tracing the whole deformation failure process of soft rock in the condition of high-pressure water solution; the development of a multi-scale 3D imaging system for the observation of internal and external rheological damage; (3) the development of a synchronous and fast system for processing the spatial measurement data. By means of integration and intelligent optimization design, a prototype machine is to be developed and then put into application. In such a manner, the experiment principles and methods in terms of soft rock rheology will be innovated; the current status of the absence of large-scale experiment equipment on rheology damage of soft rock is to be changed; the level of mechanical experiments for soft rock will be fundamentally promoted; a brand new experiment means as well as crucial technical equipment support will be provided for the prevention and control of major engineering disasters.

大型科学仪器设备的研制是工程地质学科领域中特别值得关注的前沿基础性课题，也是重大工程灾害研究的迫切需求。其瓶颈问题是缺乏能模拟工程实际环境条件的大型室内试验设备，同时，缺乏对试验全过程的精确跟踪与多尺度量测技术。为此，本项目拟针对重大工程灾害机理与控制问题，研制一套软岩水-力耦合的流变损伤多尺度力学试验系统，重点包括：（1）研制模拟工程软岩赋存水环境与压力环境的全通透高压动/静水压力室与多元同步三轴加载系统；（2）开发软岩在高围压水溶液等条件下变形破坏全过程多尺度量测、精确跟踪的光纤传感实时量测系统，研制内外流变损伤多尺度三维成像系统；（3）开发多元异构量测数据同步快速处置系统。通过集成与智能优化设计，研制样机，初步应用。从而实现软岩流变试验原理与手段的创新，填补软岩大型流变损伤试验设备的空白，从根本上提升软岩力学试验水平，为重大工程灾害控防提供全新研究手段和关键性技术装备支持。

大型科学仪器设备研制是工程地质学科领域中特别值得关注的前沿基础性课题，也是重大工程灾害研究的迫切需求。工程软岩在水作用下的强度丧失是许多重大工程灾害发生的根本原因之所在。而以往关于这一现象的研究，除了科学假说、条件简化与理论解析外，更多的是采用数值模拟；而最能直接反应岩石在赋存水溶液环境中变形破坏全过程的基础试验研究，主要体现在对现有试验手段的改进和针对脆性岩石的小尺度试验设备研制上。由于缺乏能模拟工程实际环境条件的大型室内试验设备及缺乏对试验全过程的精确跟踪与多尺度量测技术，严重制约了软岩软化机制等的研究。因此，本项目根据力学与智能优化设计控制原理，采用新型功能材料、现代光学与信息技术、智能化设计技术、协同集成技术等，设计并研制了一套软岩水-力耦合的流变损伤多尺度力学试验系统，模拟重现工程软岩在赋存水环境条件下流变损伤全过程。系统包括五部分：（1）可模拟工程软岩赋存水环境与压力环境的全通透高压动/静水压力室；（2）可同时对四套压力室进行加载控制的多元同步三轴加载系统；（3）可在水溶液及其它工作液体条件下，多尺度量测与精确跟踪软岩变形破坏全过程的高围压光纤传感实时量测系统；（4）可对软岩内外损伤演化同步观察的内外流变损伤多尺度三维成像系统；（5）可同时实时处理大量图像、参数与模式变换的多元异构量测数据同步快速处置系统。据此，基于递进式冲突检测和消解技术，对上述五项硬件、软件进行集成与智能优化设计；引入协同设计思想，开发系统智能控制模块，实现操作模式变换、多尺度观测调整等系统运行的智能化操作，研制成了样机，并初步应用于软岩力学试验与测试。该系统可模拟再现高压动/静水及其它工作液体环境条件下软岩水-应力耦合软化破坏全过程，同一时段内开展多种不同溶液、不同压力、不同流变阶段的软岩流变损伤试验，实现高精度无损量测与多尺度观测，提高多元异构量测数据的处置速度与操作的便捷性，填补软岩-水溶液环境作用下大型流变损伤试验设备研究的空白，拥有自主知识产权，从根本上提升软岩力学试验水平，推进软化机制研究进程，为滑坡、塌方等重大工程灾害控防提供全新的研究手段和关键性装备支持，可广泛应用于水利、交通、市政、矿业、人防、军工等领域。研究申请发明专利22项，其中授权5项；申请国家软件著作权5项，获得4项；发表论文21篇，其中SCI、EI已收录13篇。培养博士后4名、博士生8名、硕生14名。