软岩渗流-化学-损伤软化的能量耗散计算原理与方法

The softening of saturated soft rock is one of the frontier research topics in international engineering geology and rock mechanics fields, and the crucial issue in terms of the control of major disasters in soft rock engineering rests on the seepage-chemic-damage coupling effect during its softening process. Previous studies focus mainly on the effect resulting uniliaterally from chemical, seepage or mechanical damage, while few research has been carried out regarding the comprehensive interaction effect of chemical, seepage and mechanical damage. As a result, no unified calculation principles and methods are available till now, and this has become a bottleneck issue for the control of major disasters in soft rock engineering. Therefore, with the red-layer soft rock being taken as the research object, this project is to be initiated to investigate the calculation principles and methods of energy dissipation in the seepage-chemical-damage softening process of soft rock from the perspective of the inherent and fundamental relationship between material exchange and engergy transformation, with the application of such priniciples as non-equilibrium thermodynamics and thoeries of dissipative structures. The main works include: (1) the experiments to extract and measure the energy dissipation information in the seepage-chemical-damage softening process of soft rock; (2) the study of multi-scale energy dissipation mechanism in the seepage-chemical-damage softening process of soft rock; (3) the exploration to the calculation principles and methods of energy dissipation in the seepage-chemical-damage softening process of soft rock. This research aims: (a) to reveal the energy dissipation mechanism responsible for the softening of soft rock; (b) to establish unified calculation principles and methods; (c) to present a brand new method for the investigation of the softening of soft rock; (d) to provide essential evidences for the control of major disasters in soft rock engineering. This reserch project is of great theorectical significance and practical value.

软岩遇水软化研究是国际上工程地质学与岩石力学领域的前沿课题之一，其软化过程中的渗流-化学-损伤效应是软岩工程重大灾害控制的关键之所在。以往的研究重点关注化学、渗流或力学损伤等单方面作用，对渗流-化学-损伤多效应相互作用研究不足，缺乏统一计算原理与方法，这已成为软岩重大灾害控制的瓶颈。为此，研究拟以红层软岩为对象，从物质交换和能量转化这一本质底层关系出发，运用非平衡态热力学、耗散结构理论等的原理，研究软岩渗流-化学-损伤软化的能量耗散计算原理与方法。重点包括：（1）软岩渗流-化学-损伤软化的能量耗散信息提取与测定试验；（2）软岩渗流-化学-损伤软化的多尺度能量耗散机制；（3）软岩渗流-化学-损伤软化的能量耗散计算原理与方法。通过研究，揭示软岩软化的多效应能量耗散机制，建立其统一计算原理与方法，为软岩软化的研究提供全新的方法，为软岩工程重大灾害控制提供重要的依据，具有重大理论意义和实际价值。

软岩遇水软化是国际上工程地质学与岩石力学领域的前沿课题之一，其软化过程中的渗流-化学-损伤效应是软岩工程重大灾害控制的关键之所在，是学术界与工程界共同关注的焦点问题。本项目之前已开展的相关研究，一方面重点揭示了化学、渗流或力学损伤等单方面因素作用的机制与规律，另一方面也使人们逐渐认识到软岩工程中滑坡、塌方等灾害往往是由渗流、化学、力学（损伤）等综合效应导致的，应该从软岩软化的多效应相互作用的本质上开展研究。因为基于化学、渗流或力学损伤的单方面机制解释或经验判断，将导致对软岩软化规律认识的不完整，也不能反映软岩工程重大灾害作用机制的全貌，在某种程度上，这已经成为制约软岩工程重大灾害研究的瓶颈。因此，本项目从能量耗散原理出发，采用多尺度试验、非线性动力学、电化学等方法，研究了软岩软化中的渗流-化学-损伤效应，提取了渗流、化学、损伤等效应的能量耗散信息；研究了其软化全过程的多尺度渗流-化学-损伤特征及规律，揭示了其多尺度涨落机制、非平衡相变与耗散结构形成机制；阐明了其能量耗散规律，给出了其能量耗散关键变量，建立了其计算原理与模型、临界状态表征方法与判据，提出了耗散能量-宏观强度的定量表征方法。本研究不仅可以丰富、完善和发展工程地质学的理论与方法，而且可为软岩工程重大灾害控制提供思路和方法的支持。研究成果已应用于边坡、隧道、路基、基坑等工程的泥质软岩软化过程与工程稳定性计算分析，揭示了其软岩软化破坏的多效应机制，支持了工程监测布控，为工程设计、安全保障提供了原理支持；成果还可广泛应用于水利、交通、市政、矿业、人防、军工等工领域中的隧道、边坡、地基等软岩工程安全防护与科学研究。研究发表论文29篇，其中SCI、EI已收录23篇；申请发明专利10项，其中授权2项，公开6项；申请国家软件著作权2项。培养博士后4名、博士生6名、硕士生13名。