排污权转移视角下跨界水污染的灰色耦合补偿研究

Compensation system is the basis of transboundary water pollution prevention and control. Due to "extensive" compensation standard created artificially based on monitoring sections water quality, it is severely weakened the internal driving effect of compensation system on the transboundary water pollution governance. The construction of "accurate" compensation method, become the emphasis and difficulty in efficient implementation of the transboundary pollution compensation system. Positive transfer of water pollutants is changed into reverse transfer of emission rights, and the coupling compensation for emission rights transfer is taken as the basis of the transboundary water pollution compensation; through mining coupling relationship of emissions rights and extraction water rights in water ecosystem, and coupling relationship of emissions rights and development rights in social economy system, the standard and coordination decision-making methods of water compensation standard economic compensation are researched; in view of it is existing grey information and grey parameter in the process of coupling relation simulation and coordination decision making of two kinds of compensation means, the grey modeling technology is used as the main research tool . The construction of grey coupling compensation theory and method from the perspective emission rights transfer, provides the theory support for transboundary water pollution "accurate" compensation and the comprehensive use of variety of compensation ways;The empirical application provides the reference for transboundary water pollution compensation and governance in Haihe River basin administered by Henan province.

污染补偿，是我国跨界水污染治理的基本制度之一。而实践中基于断面水质人为划定的“粗放型”补偿标准，严重削弱了补偿制度对跨界水污染治理的内在驱动效应。构建跨界水污染的耦合补偿方法，成为高效实施跨界污染补偿所面临的难题和关键。课题将水污染物的正向迁移外化为排污权的逆向转移，将对排污权转移的耦合补偿作为跨界水污染的补偿依据；通过挖掘水生态系统中排污权与取水权的耦合关系、社会经济系统中排污权与收益权的耦合关系，研究跨界水污染的水量补偿标准和经济补偿标准，以及两种补偿形式的协调决策模式；鉴于耦合关系模拟过程中存在灰信息，两种补偿形式的协调决策也面临各种灰参数，课题将灰色建模技术作为的主要研究工具。排污权转移视角下跨界水污染灰色耦合补偿理论和方法的构建，为跨界水污染的耦合补偿和多种补偿形式协调运用提供理论支持；理论成果的实证应用，为河南省辖海河流域跨界水污染的补偿和治理提供参考。

污染补偿，是我国跨界水污染治理的基本制度之一。实践中基于断面水质人为划定的“粗放型”补偿标准，严重削弱了补偿制度对跨界水污染治理的内在驱动作用。产权视角下，跨界水污染导致的上下游间利益格局的变动，本质上是区域间排污权占有格局的变动。而这种格局的变动强度，可以用区域间排污权转移量的多少来度量。课题将水污染的正向迁移外化为排污权的逆向转移，将对排污权转移的耦合补偿作为跨界水污染的补偿依据。根据跨界水污染监测数据、排污量和区域经济统计数据的混频特征，以及断面水质统计的时限特征，对灰色GM模型进行了改进，提出基于混频数据的GM模型，用于断面水质与排污量响应关系的模拟。根据所构建的环境EKC三次混频多项式方程，提出水环境质量与经济发展响应关系的混频数据建模方法。将出界断面水质达标条件下对应的区域排污量作为上游区域的理论排污量，根据上游区域实际排污量和理论排污量差值计算出排污权转移量。基于转移排污量的污水治理成本和机会成本来量化补偿标准的上下限，从而得出上下游的灰色补偿区间。基于上下游补偿灰区间确定跨界水污染的协商谈判区间，构建了协商谈判区间上跨界水污染的协商决策机制。课题对河南省辖海河流域跨界水污染补偿进行了实证分析。为基于水污染补偿主客体的“利益格局变动”制定补偿标准提供参考，有助于实现跨界水污染补偿模式与区域水污染物产权治理制度的有效对接，可丰富水生态补偿理论和灰色系统理论。