面向多主体共享需求的国家大数据资源治理机制设计

The project proposed aims to resolve the exiting problems in the exploitation of rich big data resources, namely, lack of availability, usability, high cost and low efficiency for sharing. To consistent with the tasks posed by national big data strategic planning, the project starts based on the analysis, synthesis and identification of specific needs for the sharing of big data by multiuser. Specifically, this project aims to investigate the sharing of multisource big data from the following perspectives: standards and protocols, quality assessment and evaluation models, the approaches and technological applications for the integration of heterogeneous data sources, the flow of copyrights, as well as privacy and ethics issues. These perspectives and research components are studied through the identification of decisional risk, operational cost and efficiency, in order to promote the data governance from the current organizational perspectives into a national horizon. Moreover, this project aims to study the correlations among data, technology and public policy, based on which coordinated big data governance mechanisms can be established on a national-scale, through investigating the flow of property and the relationship among the right holders. In this case, more social investments can be attained to provide a foundation for questioning and assessing the accountability of the data assets security, value-added flow and data sharing in the society. Furthermore, this project aims to articulate key public policies based on the analysis of efficiency and cost, the distribution of benefits and gains between different stakeholders, as well as intrinsic and extrinsic incentives. This project provides new perspectives to the design of big data governance platform and mechanism, on which machine-readable, credible and safe data can be downloaded through high-speed channels and be utilized through multiple value-adding layers. This project also provides new insights to the articulation of ownership clearly established, cost saving, benefit balanced, encouraging and secure national big data governance mechanisms and policies.

针对大数据资源可获得性不高、可用性低，共享成本高、效率低等现实，直接面向国家大数据战略任务，以共享需求的归纳为切入点，研究多部门、组织大数据共享标准及其规范体系、资源质量测度与评估模型、多层次融合路径与技术实现、权属流动与隐私伦理规制；嵌入决策风险、成本、效率等因素，将数据治理由企业组织级上升为国家公共治理思维。开展数据、技术、政策之间的关联研究，拟设计以产权流动为基础的国家大数据治理与协同管理机制，在真正厘清产权关系基础上，研究利用产权特性鼓励社会力量对数据资产进行增值开发，为数据资产安全、流动增值、社会共享创造追责问责基础。从机制运行的效率与成本、利益协调、内外激励方面凝炼公共政策要点。为建设多源大数据高效下载、机器可读、可信安全、多层增值的国家大数据共享平台系统提供设计支持，为产权清晰、成本节约、利益协调，具有激励与安全保障功能的国家大数据资源治理机制与协同管理政策提供设计支持。

我国数据资源产出量巨大，但数据价值没有得到充分发挥，数据在管理决策中的应用水平有待提高。主要制约因素是数据社会可获得性与可用性。面向多主体需求，提升数据治理能力具有重要的现实意义与理论价值。作为培育项目，根据重大研究计划总体部署，本项目“研究聚焦，输出特色成果”，探索数据治理与决策应用问题。主要研究内容包括：1.开放数据驱动的科研管理决策创新。聚焦科技成果信息公开及开放数据在科研领域的应用，探究政策构建、数据平台设计及管理策略。2. 探究引文数据驱动的学科创新活力激发、学科布局规划和跨学科合作机遇发现。3. 完善数据开放及应用机制的政策设计，提出包括政府数据开放法定主体制度、免责机制以及多维政策工具选择等政策建议，构建开放政府数据门户评价框架，分析信息机构的数字化转型及其风险管理。4. 大数据产权与隐私保护。在调查国内外相关法律政策与实践现状基础上，为我国大数据产权和隐私保护等方面法律政策的制定、行业法规的建立、产权环境的改善提供参考。5. 开放大数据决策方法在中美贸易摩擦研究中的应用。项目获得并挖掘科研诚信监管数据、学科引文数据、政策文本数据、中美贸易摩擦数据等，为科研诚信监管、学科发展规划和大数据政策构建等领域的决策提供支持。发表SCI、SSCI来源期刊论文5篇、中文CSSCI优秀期刊论文14篇、高水平国际学术会议报告3次、咨询报告8项。项目青年骨干入选第三批国家万人计划青年拔尖人才。培养博士后1名，研究生13名，其中与美国、英国、澳大利亚合作培养5名，培养斯里兰卡留学生1名。成果在中办、国办制定《关于进一步加强科研诚信建设若干意见》以及中国—欧盟领导人会晤配套活动——第四次中欧创新合作对话中得到参考应用。项目负责人受聘担任第二届科学技术奖励监督委员会委员。项目负责人受到党和国家领导人亲切接见，国家科技部表扬函2份。