母亲抑郁与儿童早期发展的双向影响: 探索亲子关系的中介者作用及负面情绪性的调节者作用

Maternal depression has enduring and detrimental impacts on child development across domains. The relation between maternal depression and child development, however, is not uni-directional; it is dynamic and bidirectional instead: child development also poses impacts on mothers’ depressive symptoms as well. Using 12-month longitudinal design, based on mother-reported questionnaires, semi-structured laboratory observations, and daily diary report, the current study examines the underlying mechanisms by which maternal depression and child development affects each other. Specifically, three research questions will be answered: (1) Could the bidirectional relations between maternal depression and child development be found across child development domains, both at short-term (based on daily diary reports) and long-term (based on 6-month intervals) level? (2) Is the mutual responsiveness in mother-child relationship the underlying mechanisms explaining why the bidirectional relations between maternal depression and child development exist? (3) Do mothers’ and children’s negative emotionality moderate the bidirectional relations between maternal depression and child development? The current study could both enrich our theoretical understanding of the dynamic transactional model and provide significant implications for interventions targeted on maternal depression.

母亲抑郁对儿童发展的各领域都带来不利并且持续的影响。然而，母亲抑郁与儿童发展之间的关系并不是单向的，而是双向和动态的: 儿童自身的发展也会影响母亲的抑郁症状。本项目综合运用母亲问卷报告、半结构化实验室观察、短期日记调查研究方法，并使用跨12个月的三次纵向追踪的研究设计，系统考察母亲抑郁与儿童发展间双向影响的潜在机制，具体回答以下三个研究问题: （1）在短期（基于每日的日记调查）及长期（每间隔6个月的纵向跟踪）的层面，母亲抑郁是否与儿童发展的多个领域存在相互影响的动态关系。(2) 亲子关系的相互反应性是否是解释母亲抑郁症状与儿童发展之间双向关系的潜在机制？ (3) 母亲或儿童的负面情绪性在母亲抑郁与儿童发展之间的双向影响中是否起到调节作用？本项目不仅将在理论层面丰富我们对动态交互关系发生机制的理解，更可以将研究成果进一步转化到针对母亲抑郁症的干预项目中，具有巨大的科研和实践价值。

母亲抑郁对儿童发展的各领域都带来不利并且持续的影响。然而，母亲抑郁与儿童发展之 间的关系并不是单向的，而是双向和动态的: 儿童自身的发展也会影响母亲的抑郁症状。本项目综合运用母亲问卷报告、半结构化实验室观察、短期日记调查研究方法，并使用跨12个月的 三次纵向追踪的研究设计，系统考察母亲抑郁与儿童发展间双向影响的潜在机制。本研究主要发现： （1）在短期（基于每日的日记调查）层面，儿童每日的问题行为会对母亲第二天的情绪状况、抑郁状况产生影响，并且这种影响对男孩的影响更大。(2) 亲子关系的相互反应性解释了母亲抑郁状况与儿童问题行为之间的相互关系。 (3) 母亲或儿童的负面情绪性在母亲抑郁与儿童发展之间的双向影响起到了调节作用。对于具有高负性情绪性的儿童来说，母亲的抑郁状况更容易受到儿童问题行为的影响。