软硬相间仿生材料的摩擦过程及减阻机理研究

Biological structures with integrated soft and hard phases are ubiquitous in nature. Over the recent decades, bioinspired soft-hard integrated materials have shown excellent mechanical properties of drag reduction and abrasion resistance. Herein this project is proposed to investigate on the frictional properties of bioinspired soft-hard integrated materials by both theoretical modeling and experimental verification. First, the mathematical model of the friction process will be established based on the classic adhesive friction theory so as to reveal the mechanism of drag reduction and abrasion resistance for soft-hard integrated materials. Then, a range of factors will be examined in friction process and their coupling mechanism will be determined. Subsequently, a systematic method to design soft-hard integrated materials with enhanced frictional properties will be proposed. The project aims to achieve three scientific objectives: 1) to establish mathematical model of friction process for bioinspired materials with integrated soft and hard phases; 2) to reveal the mechanism of drag reduction and abrasion resistance for soft-hard integrated materials; 3) to design bioinspired soft-hard integrated materials with desired frictional properties. The knowledge gained in this project can shed light on the preparation and application of bioinspired soft-hard integrated materials.

“软—硬”相间结构在生物体中普遍存在，以此为灵感设计的软硬相间仿生材料表现出了出众的减阻、耐磨性能。本项目研究软硬相间仿生材料摩擦性能，以经典的粘着摩擦理论为基础，结合“软—硬”相间结构特点，建立软硬相间仿生材料摩擦过程的数学模型，揭示软硬相间仿生材料减阻、耐磨机理，探索其摩擦过程的多因素协同影响特点，提出基于摩擦学性能的软硬相间仿生材料的系统化设计方法，并针对软硬相间材料特点，应用化学共价共混、3D打印、激光加工等方法制备软硬相间仿生材料。拟解决三项关键科学问题：建立软硬相间仿生材料摩擦过程的数学模型，揭示软硬相间仿生材料减阻、耐磨机理，提出基于摩擦学特性的软硬相间仿生材料的系统化设计方法。项目研究可以为基于摩擦学特性的软硬相间仿生材料的制备与应用提供拓展性思路。

根据粘着摩擦理论，结合“软—硬”相间结构特点，确立软硬相间仿生材料摩擦过程数学模型，探究软硬相间仿生材料摩擦机理。软硬相间仿生材料表面的“软—硬”相间结构使其摩擦过程较单一材料摩擦过程复杂的多。在粘着的产生阶段，软、硬材料在接触峰点均会产生粘着，由于软、硬材料粘着产生与扩展条件不同，会导致载荷的重新分布。最终软、硬材料粘着会协同产生与协同扩展。在粘着点剪切阶段，由于软、硬材料的粘着情况不同且软、硬材料被切向力剪断的条件不同，因此产生的粘着摩擦力也更复杂。本项目探索软、硬材料之间的协同作用，建立软硬相间仿生材料摩擦过程数学模型，揭示软硬相间仿生材料减阻、耐磨机理，并通过摩擦试验验证提出理论的准确性。同时建立软硬相间仿生材料摩擦过程有限元模型，研究摩擦过程中软硬相间仿生材料的摩擦特点。最终根据提出的摩擦理论及摩擦性能多因素协同影响特点，基于实际工况中对材料摩擦性能的需求，提出软硬相间仿生材料的系统化设计方法。