棉花秸秆砖房屋的抗震性能与热工性能研究

Xinjiang is one of major cotton producing provinces in China, each year a large number of abandoned cotton stalks were burned or buried. This research focuses on using cotton stalks as raw material; manufacturing it to bricks, and using it as anti-seismic structure's wall material for Xinjiang "Enriching the people; Ranging the house' project. Its mechanical properties and thermo-technical nature would be analyzed; the collaborative working mechanism of cotton straw wall and outside framework will be analyzed, the seismic performance of the wall would be studied, the energy-saving effect of the wall would be measured, and the reasonable size of the stalk bale for different climatic conditions of Xinjiang regions would be raised based on these theories. To select typical Xinjiang southern and northern regions separately, and build demonstration projects of seismic stalk housing; study the core technologies of seismic stalk wall construction; improve the durability of stalk brick building; and provide theoretical basis for promoting anti-seismic cotton stalk brick constructions in the Anti-seismic Housing Project for agricultural and pastoral areas in Xinjiang. This research does not only increase a new material and structural form for rural residential wall, re-use cotton stalks, "turning waste into wealth", but also is a green energy-conserving house, reduces the house building economic burden of farmers, saves winter heating coal and household expenses. It has a good theoretical study meaning and application value.

新疆是我国的产棉大省，每年有大量的废弃棉花秸秆被焚烧或掩埋。本课题研究以棉花秸秆为原料，加工制成秸秆砖，作为新疆"富民安居"工程中抗震住房建设的墙体材料，对其进行力学性能和热工方面的试验研究，分析棉花秸秆砖墙与外框架整体协同工作机理，研究墙体抗震性能，测定墙体的节能效果，并在此基础上提出适合于新疆不同地区气候环境下的秸秆砖合理尺寸。分别拟选取南、北疆的典型地区，建设抗震秸秆砖住房示范工程，研究抗震秸秆砖房屋的建房关键技术，提高秸秆砖建筑的耐久性，为在新疆广大农牧区抗震住房工程建设中推广棉花秸秆砖建筑提供理论参考依据。课题研究不仅增加农村住宅墙体的新材料和新结构形式，使棉花秸秆得到重新利用，"变废为宝",而且绿色节能,减轻农民建房的经济负担，节约冬季采暖燃煤和家庭开支，具有较好的理论研究意义和应用推广价值。

根据申请书研究内容完成如下工作：.(1)制作了两种密度的棉花秸秆草砖，对其进行横压、侧压和竖压试验。根据其荷载—位移曲线，得到棉花秸秆草砖的应力—应变关系、弹性模量和承载力；探索了草砖的受压力学性能与砖密度及压缩方式的关系，确立了草砖基于损伤的本构模型；.(2)通过示范工程对棉花秸秆草砖房进行了热工性能测试，采用热流计法现场检测墙体的传热系数；利用FLUENT软件进一步研究棉花秸秆草砖墙体温度分布情况，并模拟草砖房室内温度场的分布规律；.(3)通过理论分析和计算，确定了合适的草砖尺寸规格，得到了棉花秸秆草砖填充木框架和混凝土框架复合墙体在低周反复荷载作用下的滞回曲线、骨架曲线及刚度退化曲线，分析了棉花秸秆砖墙与外框架整体协同工作机理及墙体的抗震性能；.(4)根据棉花秸秆草砖示范工程的建设，主要研究了棉花秸秆草砖墙的构造措施及连接技术，得到如下结论及成果：①棉花秸秆草砖的填入增强了框架结构的延性和耗能性能；②柔性材料填充墙的耗能机制，主要是依靠秸秆之间的摩擦来消耗能量；③提出单层秸秆砖房屋的实用设计方法、连接构造措施以及施工工艺；④定量分析了秸秆砖建筑室内、外热环境状况以及秸秆草砖房围护结构的保温隔热性能，测定墙体的节能效果。.上述研究成果为棉花秸秆砖建筑在抗震、节能方面进一步的研究奠定了理论基础。