基于纠缠微波的量子无线电导航信号构建与生成关键问题研究

The classical radio navigation systems using the macroscopic amplitude and phase information of the electromagnetic field have almost approached their physical performance limit. With the application of the quantum entanglement properties of the entangled microwave on the photon level, the quantum radio navigation will upgrade the critical technical and tactical performances of navigation precision, anti-multipath and anti-jamming. The construction and generation of the navigation signal are the key problems to the development of the new quantum radio navigation system. In this light, on the basis of the previous research work, the theoretic and technical difficulties in the construction and generation of the comprehensive high-performance navigation signal in different navigation environments are deeply studied in this project. Through the theoretic analysis, scale model simulation and the prototype system experiment, the key scientific problems are broken through, including the high-precision measurement mechanism of the quantum entangled microwave, the decoherence of the quantum radio navigation signal transmitted in free space and its influence on the navigation performance, and the generation mechanism of the entangled microwave. Based upon these, the premier fundamental issues in the development of the new quantum radio navigation system are resolved, including the properties of the entangled microwave signal, the construction of the high-performance quantum radio navigation signal and the generation of the quantum radio navigation signal. The prospective research achievements will provide firm and substantial scientific support for the developments of the new quantum radio navigation system and the high-performance navigation signal source.

基于电磁场宏观幅相应用方式的传统无线电导航性能已近极限；而在光子层面应用纠缠微波的量子纠缠特性进行时空信息精准量测的量子无线电导航，能够大幅提升导航精度、抗多径、抗干扰等关键技战术性能。导航信号的构建与生成是发展新型量子无线电导航体制的关键基础问题。有鉴于此，本项目在前期研究基础上，深入研究不同导航场景下具备综合最优性能的量子无线电导航信号构建与生成的关键理论技术难题。通过理论分析、缩比仿真与原型系统实验，重点突破量子纠缠微波导航信号高精度测量机理、量子无线电导航信号空间传输退相干作用及对导航性能影响机制、量子纠缠微波生成机理等关键科学问题，并基于此逐一破解量子纠缠微波信号特性、高性能量子无线电导航信号构建、量子无线电导航信号生成等发展新型量子无线电导航亟需解决的首要基础问题。预期研究成果可为基于量子纠缠特性的新型无线电导航系统和高性能导航信号源的开发提供坚实有力的科学支撑。

为实现基于纠缠微波信号的量子无线电导航，大幅提升导航参数量测精度、弱信号检测、抗多径、抗干扰等关键技战术性能，解决新型量子无线电导航中信号构建设计与生成实现等核心问题，项目组开展了基于纠缠微波的量子无线电导航信号构建与生成关键问题研究，重点研究了量子纠缠微波信号特性、量子无线电导航信号构建、量子无线电导航信号生成等内容。项目主要取得了以下研究成果：（1）分析了量子纠缠微波信号具有突破量子噪声极限的正反关联特性、真随机特性、时空关联特性和宽带特性，为量子无线电导航的实现奠定了信号基础；（2）建立了量子纠缠微波信号仿真模型，提出了基于微波光子计数的位相锁定方案和基于二阶关联检测的导航信号纠缠能力评估模型，初步实现了量子无线电导航信号构建；（3）分析了基于交叉AR效应逆过程的量子纠缠微波生成机理，提出了一种生成质量最优量子纠缠微波信号的压缩参量选取方法，并利用功分热态微波信号模拟了量子纠缠微波，为量子无线电导航信号生成提供了思路和借鉴。针对以上研究内容，项目共发表学术论文20篇，其中SCI检索14篇，EI检索1篇，申请国家发明专利5项，培养博士研究生2名、硕士研究生6名。本项目成果揭示了量子纠缠微波信号本质特性，促进了高性能量子无线电导航信号源的开发，为加速新型量子无线电导航系统体制建设，实现更高精度的导航参量测量，突破传统导航精度极限，提升抗多径、抗干扰等系统性能提供理论支撑。