水泥生产资源减量化与资源环境优化路径

Cement industry is a resource and energy intensive industries，and is also the key industry of air pollution in China. The China’s cement output increased quickly in the recent 30 years, and its resources constraint will emerge in the next 30 years. Meanwhile, every year a large amount of solid waste are discharged in China, which has lead to serious resources and environmental problems. While, Cement is the main industry of eliminate industry wastes. How to make rational use of natural resources and solid waste in cement industry is deserved to pay close attention. In the project, we firstly focus on the influencing factors of cement clinker resources consumption, and then will analysis of its conduction mechanism. The purpose of this section is to adjust the main influencing factors in order to achieve the purpose of reduce resources consumption in clinker production. In cement production process, we describe the running track of materials, and construct material balance in each stage. Revealing the major process of materials and energy loss is to guiding the dematerialization of resources consumption and optimization of its environmental effects in cement production process. And in the last section, as cement and its location region as sample, based on the date of the location and scale of discharged solid waste in this region, we analysis the feasibility and potential of eliminate wastes of this cement plant, and then compare to its environmental effects of different alternative ratio. According to this analysis, we optimize the flow path of regional resources in order to achieve the goal of dematerialization of resources consumption in cement industry and in the region.

水泥工业是资源和能源密集型产业，也是大气污染的主要行业。近30年来中国水泥产量的高速增长，导致石灰石资源约束问题将在未来35年内显现。同时，中国每年排出的大量固体废弃物引起了严重的资源和环境问题。水泥是消纳固体废弃物的主要行业。水泥工业如何合理利用自然资源和固体废弃物，实现区域和产业的可持续发展是个值得关注的问题。本研究从影响水泥熟料资源消耗的因素入手，分析其作用机理。通过调整主要影响因素，以达到降低熟料资源强度的目的。在生产层面，刻画物料在生产各阶段的流动轨迹，构建各阶段的物料平衡态势，分析主要物料、能源损耗工序和污染物排放点，为生产阶段的资源消耗减量化和环境优化提供指导。以典型区域为例，分析区域内的主要固体废弃物的排放源及排放量，分析水泥企业固体废弃物利用的可行性及潜力，并比较不同替代情景下的资源环境效应，规划最优的区域资源利用路径，以实现区域和产业的可持续发展。

水泥产业是碳排放量和资源消耗的主要行业之一。水泥产量的攀升，加速了石灰石、煤炭等资源的消耗进程。资源和环境严重制约着水泥工业的可持续发展。本项目首先探讨了了熟料质量、原料质量变化和原料替代对原料配比、生料料耗强度和资源节约潜力的关系。在原料配比有效的情况下，KH、N、P的最大节约原料潜力为：17.54kg/t，7.89kg/t和7.88kg/t；调整熟料三个率值最大资源节约量约为33kg/t。石灰石CaO含量与料耗强度呈负相关，其含量每升高1%，将导致料耗强度减少为2.88kg；硅铝质原料SiO2含量每升高1%，将导致料耗强度减少约为0.41kg; 能源强度（kg/t）与料耗强度的系数为-0.341; 钢渣的最大替代比例为11.67%，可节约石灰石消耗126.76kg/t;粉煤灰最大替代率水平11.32%，料耗强度降低了26.62kg/t;项目然后描绘了水泥生产过程原料流动轨迹，并根据典型企业生产数据构建了生产三阶段的物料平衡，以分析各环节的资源效率和废弃物利用率，结果表明：在生料制备、熟料煅烧和水泥粉磨阶段吨产品的原料投入量分别为： 2.48 t, 4.69 t, 和3.41 t，废弃物利用率分别为：63.31%, 74.12%和 78.89%。原料磨、旋风预热系统、水泥窑、篦冷机、水泥磨的资源效率分别为：36.69%, 34.24%, 39.24%, 29.76%, 和25.88%,而在这些环节的废弃物回收利用率为：16.33%, 81.98%, 100.00%, 99.53%, 和0.00%。工业固体废弃物替代的资源环境效益来看，以钢渣替代部分生料，不仅能够减少水泥对石灰石、铁尾矿、煤炭等天然原料的需求，降低生产成本，同时也减少了熟料煅烧阶段碳酸盐分解和燃料消耗的二氧化碳排放。钢渣配料的料耗强度为1471.94kg/t_cl较铁矿石配料（1503.62kg/t_cl）降低了31.68kg,CO2排放减少了43.61kg/t_cl；吨钢渣熟料降低成本3.82元/t_cl，2500t/d水泥生产企业可增加收入550万元。项目进一步分析了工艺替代、规模生产和原料替代三种方式在各省区的减排潜力，根据各种方法减排量所占份额，将驱动区域减排的方式选择归纳为：单因素、双因素和均衡发展三种类型。研究认为各区域应根据三种方式的份额，有目的地选择减排方式和设计相应的减排政策。