棱子芹属的分类学修订及系统学研究

The genus Pleurospermum Hoffm is an important taxa of subfamily Apioideae in Apiaceae. At present, this genus contains more than 50 species of in the whole world. Most of them distribute intensively in the west of China and the region of Hymalayas. Some other species were found in the north of Asia and the east of Europe. There are 39 species recorded in China, 4/5 species of Pleurospermum of the world could be found in China. Due to the defect of specimen collection and field investigation, specimen examination and laboratory research work, variation patterns of the genus and its related genera of many macro and microcosmic character traits and lack of understanding, leading to the Pleurospermum and related genera, the intergeneric boundaries blurred, and intragenus interspecific boundaries blurred, and some species system position in Pleurospermum and related genera between frequent changes. Throughout the taxonomic history of Pleurospermum, different oppitions of different scholars make this genus extremely confused. In recent years, the phylogeny of the molecular research has been found that Pleurospermum is not a monophylrtic group, but the study of molecular systems the number of species is not complete, gene fragment is less, therefore, a lot of basic taxonomy and systematics problems of Pleurospermum to be solved. This Project aims to tackle these problems, we will through the literature, specimen examination, field specimen collection and field observation of morphology, further comparative anatomy, micro morphology, pollen morphology and molecular phylogenetic studies in the laboratory; we will choose the appropriate amount of nuclear gene fragment and chloroplast gene fragment to study phylogenetic reconstruction of the genus Pleurospermum and its related genera. The project will integrate multiple branches of scientific evidence to determine the boundaries the genus Pleurospermum and related genera, and boundaries of between species in Pleurospermum, and complete taxonomic revision and reconstruction of phylogenetic relationship of Pleurospermum and related genera. Combined with the geological history of literature, we explore the origin, migration and diffusion route of Pleurospermum, as well as the existing geographical pattern formation of Pleurospermum. The implementation of this project can not only solve these taxonomy and systematics problems of Pleurospermum and its related genera, will also provide an important reference and demonstrations for the classification of the very difficult taxonomic taxa of the Apiaceae.

棱子芹属是伞形科芹亚科重要类群，全球50余种，欧亚温带分布型，集中分布于中国西部和喜马拉雅地区，亚洲北部和欧洲东部也有分布，中国有39种，横断山区为其分化中心。由于野外采集考察、标本检查和实验室工作等欠缺，对很多宏观和微观性状的变异式样缺乏深入理解，导致该属与近缘属间和属下种间界限不清，一些种系统位置在近缘属间频繁变动，是分类学上最具争议类群；已有分子证据表明该属并非单系，但前期采样不全面，因此该属颇多基本分类学和系统学问题亟待解决。本项目拟从文献考证、标本检查、野外采集观察及实验室的比较解剖学、微形态学、花粉形态学、适量核基因和叶绿体片段分子系统学研究，综合多科学证据确定该属及近缘属间和属下种间界限、完成分类学修订、重建系统发育关系，结合地史资料探索其起源地、现有地理格局成因、迁移扩散等。本项目的实施不仅解决该属植物的分类学与系统学问题，且对分类学上较为困难的伞形科植物分类提供参考。

在本项目执行中，我们共进行了18次的野外标本及实验样品采集，采集到广义棱子芹属及近缘类群和外类群162种364个居群。通过对芹亚科含棱子芹属27种植物进行转录组测序，筛选2-3个核基因完成了核基因的分子系统发育研究。我们选择了广义棱子芹属及近缘类群和外类群78种的叶绿体基因组全序列测序。基于叶绿体基因组系统发育分析，我们圆满建立了广义棱子芹属及近缘11属的叶绿体基因组系统发育框架，所建的系统发育树分辨率高、支持率高。为了解决伞形科植物存在的核-质冲突问题，我们还扩大取样品量，构建了162种（广义棱子芹属及近缘属嵌套类群）和384种（广义棱子芹属插入芹亚科的部分其它关键类群）的分子系统发育超大树，以期彻底弄清广义棱子芹及近缘11个属的系统地位和系统发育框架。.最终，我们将核基因树、叶绿体基因组树、叶绿体片段树、形态学各分支学科结果综合后，重建了棱子芹属及近缘属的属间和属下种间系统发育关系与进化谱系，并建立了仅含11种的狭义棱子芹属，其余棱子芹属植物在树基因、叶绿体基因组系统发育树中均插入到近缘的5个较大分枝中，因此，建议将它们分离出去，或单独建属或归并入近缘属中。而与棱子芹属近缘的11属也完成了核-质基因片段的系统发育重建，并且恢复了2个以前不被分类学者认可的属，还拟建立1个新属。在分类修订方面，我们完成了棱子芹属及近缘属的属间界限和属下种间界定。最终解决了棱子芹属及近缘属的分类学和系统学问题。并为类似伞形科这样的分类困难类群，提供了参考范例。.本项目的主要成果：标注本基金项目资助，已经发表的学术论文63篇，其中，国际SCI论文59篇（第一资助42篇，第二资助7篇，第三资助10篇），国内核心期刊论文4篇（第一资助3篇，第二资助1篇）。本基金项目还培养在站博士后1人；培养研究生19人，其中获得硕士学位11人，获得博士学位8人。此外，在投SCI论文6篇。所有目标和研究内容均完成，部分超额完成。