Tumor neoantigens are encoded by tumor-specific mutated genes, which can be presented and recognized by T cells. Meanwhile, tumor neoantigens play an important role in the immune killing of tumor cells. It has been demonstrated that the dynamic changes of tumor neoantigens will directly affect the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors. Usually, high burden of tumor neoantigens indicates a better efficacy. Our previous study found that early-onset gastric cancer(≦45years old)had poor response to conventional chemotherapy in PDX models. Among these patients, some of the PD-L1-positive ones received PD-1 inhibitor treatment, but showing obvious primary drug resistance. Meanwhile, exon sequencing and neoantigens analysis suggested that early-onset gastric cancer patients had significantly lower neoantigens load than common ones(>50 years old).This study aimed to explore the impact of chemotherapy on the dynamic changes of neoantigens in PD-1 drug-resistant PDX models; and further explore the impact of these dynamic changes of neoantigens on the sensitivity of PD-1 inhibitors in immune reconstruction models, which provides new ideas for overcoming the drug resistance of PD-1 inhibitors.
肿瘤新生抗原是在肿瘤突变基础上产生的能被免疫系统递呈和识别的特异性抗原,参与了免疫杀伤肿瘤细胞的重要环节。已证实肿瘤新生抗原的动态改变与免疫治疗PD-1抑制剂的疗效密切相关,高新生抗原负荷通常提示着更好的疗效;而化疗干预能引起肿瘤突变特征的变化进而介导肿瘤新生抗原的改变。我们前期在胃癌PDX模型上发现一批年轻型胃癌患者(≦45岁)对常规化疗反应差,其中经PD-L1阳性筛选的患者接受了PD-1抑制剂的治疗,但均表现出了原发耐药现象;而全外显子测序和新生抗原预测分析则提示年轻型胃癌患者组的肿瘤新生抗原负荷显著低于常见胃癌组(>50岁)。因此,本课题拟在已建立的PD-1抑制剂耐药模型上,通过化疗干预来介导胃癌新生抗原特征的改变(如增加新生抗原负荷等);并进一步在免疫重建模型中探索上述改变对胃癌PD-1抑制剂疗效的影响及潜在机制,为克服PD-1抑制剂耐药提供新思路。
靶向PD-1通路为代表的免疫检查点治疗在包括胃癌在内的多种恶性肿瘤中取得了突破性进展,极大的改善了部分胃癌患者的预后。但目前能从靶向PD-1治疗获益的胃癌人群仍然有限,大部分胃癌患者对PD-1抑制剂存在原发耐药现象,提升这部分患者对PD-1抑制剂的敏感性是临床亟待解决的问题。研究显示,肿瘤新生抗原是在肿瘤突变基础上产生的能被免疫系统递呈和识别的特异性抗原,参与了免疫杀伤肿瘤细胞的重要环节。已证实肿瘤新生抗原的动态改变与免疫治疗PD-1抑制剂的疗效密切相关,高新生抗原负荷往往提示着更好的疗效;而化疗干预能引起肿瘤突变特征的变化进而介导肿瘤新生抗原的改变。那么通过化疗与免疫治疗的优化组合,是否可以为提升患者对PD-1抑制剂的疗效值得进一步的探究。本研究通过胃癌PDX模型探索化疗干预对肿瘤新生抗原特征的影响,并且进一步在免疫重建的胃癌PDX模型上探索化疗干预介导的肿瘤新生抗原改变对胃癌PD-1抑制剂疗效的影响及潜在机制。结果显示,化疗药物干预前后肿瘤组织的新生抗原负荷及一些新生抗原基因(包括KMT2C,CSMD3,TP53等重要的驱动基因)发生了改变,并且在在其中一例PDX模型中PD-L1蛋白表达也由阳性转为阴性。本研究进一步在PDX模型上成功进行了免疫重建,结果提示PD-1抑制剂在化疗干预后肿瘤组织来源的PDX模型中的疗效优于未经化疗干预的PDX模型;免疫组化提示杀伤T细胞标记物CD8和颗粒酶B在化疗干预后的PDX模型中的表达显著高于未经化疗干预组。本研究,初步探索了化疗干预对肿瘤组织新生抗原分布特征及PD-1抑制剂疗效的影响,为临床化疗联合免疫治疗的方案优化提供了新的思路。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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