珠江及近岸南海水环境中紫外线吸收剂的环境地质行为和生物富集研究

Organic ultraviolet (UV) adsorbents are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) as UV filters to protect skin from damaging UV radiation and in industrial products as UV stabilizers to prevent yellowing and degradation of the products. The UV adsorbents may find their way to the environmental via directly recreational activities such as swimming, wastewater dicharge, leaching from surfaces of walls and cars, disposal of solid wastes, and so on. Presence of UV adsorbents in the environment has attracted increasing concerns due to the endocrine disrupting potential, bioaccumalation, and persistence. Recently, UV adsorbents have been classified into "emerging contaminants" as well as "an additional class of chemical stressors in the aquatic environment". This project aims to investigate commonly used UV adsorbents, including those appplied as UV filter in PCPs and those applied as UV stablizers in industrial products in the Pearl River, the estuary, and the coastal South China Sea where is located in subtropic/tropic zone of the South China. Distribution, sources, environmental behaviors, transport, fate, and spatial / temporal trends of these UV adsorbents in the river, estuary, and ocean will be elucidated.The bioaccumalation and biotranformation in biota of the Pearl River Estuary and the coastal China Sea will be studied in depth.Trophodynamics of these UV adsorbents in typical food webs will further be studied to illustrate their biomagnification potential and/or metabolic transformation as well as transfer through food webs. Outcomes of this project will provide significant information for comprehensive investigation of contamination by UV adsorbents and subsequent ecological risks in estuary and marine environments of China.

紫外线吸收剂广泛用于日常生活用品与工业品中，以降低皮肤受紫外线辐射的伤害及延缓高分子材料光氧化老化，并可能通过多种途径进入环境。环境中的紫外线吸收剂因其持久性、内分泌干扰效应及生物富集潜力等已引起关注，被列为"新型污染物"，且被称为"水环境中需要关注的一类化学风险源"。本项目拟以珠江、河口和近岸南海为研究基地，以我国最常用的、包括作为光过滤剂添加于个人护理品和作为光稳定剂添加于工业品中的紫外线吸收剂为研究目标，深入研究紫外线吸收剂在我国典型河流、河口和海洋水环境中的分布、主要来源与时空演变；探究其在珠江、河口和近岸南海特定的地质、气候和水动力条件下的迁移和环境行为；研究其在亚热带/热带河口海洋生物中的富集与转化；探索其在珠江河口和南海典型生物中的营养动力学特征，揭示其生物放大和转化效应以及沿食物链的传播。项目研究成果将为揭示我国河口与海洋环境紫外线吸收剂污染及其环境生态风险提供数据支持。

环境中的有机紫外线吸收剂因其持久性、内分泌干扰效应及生物富集潜力等已引起关注，被列为"新型污染物"，且被称为"水环境中需要关注的一类化学风险源"。本项目系统研究了我国最常用的、包括作为光过滤剂添加于个人护理品和作为光稳定剂添加于工业品中的有机紫外线吸收剂(UVAs)在珠江水系和河口沉积物中的时空分布以及在河口海洋和河流野生生态中的生物富集和生物传递，揭示其环境生态风险。结果表明，UVAs在珠江流域河流和河口沉积物中分布广泛，尤其是奥克立林（OCR）、对甲氧基肉桂酸辛酯、以及苯并唑三类光稳定剂。空间上珠江广州河段沉积物中UVAs浓度最高，表层沉积物是UVAs重要的汇，并可能成为环境中UVAs污染的二次来源。河口沉积柱中UVAs的分布表明其环境持久性。UVAs在海洋和淡水生物中广泛富集，且表现出种间差异，鱼类比头足纲和甲壳纲动物富集UVAs的能力强，底栖及碎屑食性鱼中UVAs浓度较高，表明食物摄取是生物富集UVAs的重要途径。淡水鱼的肝组织富集UVAs的能力最强，依次为腩肉、鳔，脊肉、鱼卵。UV531具有较强的生物富集潜力，其浓度随鱼体重的增加而表现出下降的趋势，可能存在生长稀释效应。而苯并唑三类光稳定剂的浓度则随鱼体重的增加而升高，表现出富集的趋势。此外，UV329, UV531, 和OCR表现出一定的生物放大潜力。野生鱼鱼卵中发现浓度较高的BP-3、OCR、UV531等，表明这些UVAs可能在生物中发生代传递，有待深入研究。