仿秦岭箭竹叶疏冰微纳结构及制造方法研究

Biomimetic surface has great potential in UAV anti/de-icing applications due to its zero energy consumption and low load capability. There is significant progress of anti-icing superhydrophobic surface inspired from lotus leaf and anti-icing SLIPS surface inspired from nepenthes. However, louts and nepenthes do not grow in icing environment. We find a kind of arrow bamboo leaf in QinLing Mountain with excellent ice-phobic performance in icing environment. Its surface is not superhydrophobic nor slippery, but it has the capability to reduce ice adhesion compared with the lotus. Obviously, its ice-phobic mechanism is different from the lotus and the nepenthes. Multi-layer micro-nano structures with different heights are observed on the surface of arrow bamboo leaf. It is indicated that the multi-layer micro-nano structure is the key to ice-phobic ability. However, the ice-phobic mechanism of the arrow bamboo leaf is still unclear. Besides, the manufacturing of multi-layer micro-nano structures with different heights is a great challenge. Thus, we propose to fabricate the biomimetic multi-layer micro-nano structures with different heights inspired form arrow bamboo leaf and investigate their ice-phobic mechanism. A biomimetic multi-layer micro-nano structure model will be established, a layer-by-layer assembly method to facially fabricate biomimetic micro-nano structure will be proposed, the ice-phobic performance will be measured, and corresponding model at micro-scale will be established. The ice-phobic mechanism of biomimetic multi-layer micro-nano structures with different heights could be elucidated and it will benefit the future applications.

仿生表面防冰方法具有无能耗、负载小等优点，可解决中小型无人机防除冰迫切需求，成为国际研究热点。虽然仿荷叶超疏水表面和仿猪笼草超润滑表面防冰取得了很大进展，但荷叶和猪笼草毕竟不是生长在冰雪环境。我们发现高山冰雪环境生长的秦岭箭竹叶具有优异的疏冰性能，其不具有超疏水性和超润滑性，却比荷叶表面冰雪更易脱落，且其表面具有多层不等高微纳结构特点。然而，多层不等高微纳结构疏冰机理并不清楚，是待研究的关键科学问题。如何制造仿秦岭箭竹叶多层不等高微纳结构也成为一个挑战。因此，本项目拟以秦岭箭竹叶为一种全新的仿生对象，建立多层不等高微纳结构的仿生模型，针对多层不等高微纳结构制造难题提出分层组装的制造方法，进行疏冰性能测试，揭示仿秦岭箭竹叶多层不等高微纳结构疏冰机理。本项目有望揭示一种新的防冰机制，为未来飞机防除冰应用奠定基础。

飞机防除冰是国家重大需求，传统气热、电热等方法能耗大，难以满足飞机节能迫切要求。仿生表面方法能耗低，是未来发展方向。哈佛大学、麻省理工学院研发的仿荷叶超疏水表面和仿猪笼草的超润滑表面等在过冷水滴和高速气流撞击的恶劣环境中，防冰效果会大幅降低甚至失效。我们发现，我国独有的生长在冰雪恶劣环境中的秦岭箭竹叶具有优异疏冰性能，研究其疏冰机理有望获得新的自然原理，解决飞机低能耗防除冰难题。.项目首次提出将秦岭箭竹作为全新的仿生防冰对象，对其疏冰现象与机理展开科学研究，研究仿秦岭箭竹叶疏冰微纳结构的特征模型、润湿机制和冰粘附机理。观测分析秦岭箭竹叶表面形貌和材料，提取其表面微观结构关键特征，综合考虑设计与制造约束条件，建立仿生微纳结构三维模型。表征仿生表面的疏冰性能，建立仿生微纳复合结构润湿模型和冰粘附模型，阐明冰剪切断裂机制。在理论研究基础上设计出适应于高速气流、大量过冷水滴撞击的恶劣条件下的具备工作稳定性的仿生疏冰表面。制备的仿生疏冰蒙皮 “在国际上首次实现了中小型无人机防除冰功能飞行实验”。.相关研究成果在包括ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces、Langmuir等领域顶尖期刊上发表SCI论文7篇，授权发明专利1项，申请发明专利5项，受邀参加国内外学术会议并作报告2次，被中青报、文汇报、凤凰网等媒体报道，产生了广泛的社会影响。项目成果入选国家自然科学基金委“纳米制造的基础研究”重大研究计划亮点成果，具有重要的科学价值。.基于本项目新原理和新方法，研制的某新型疏冰蒙皮成功通过中国空气动力研究与发展中心冰风洞验证，并已成功列装高原型无人机，解决了现有无人机无法防除冰的难题，满足了我国西藏边防提升战斗力的迫切急需，并可推广应用于大飞机、风电、高铁等领域。.研究成果获得陕西省科学技术发明奖一等奖1项，陕西高等学校科学技术奖一等奖1项。