秦岭山脉暗色丝孢真菌多样性和分子系统学研究

The Qinling mountains is one of the world's hotspots of biodiversity. It has complex and diverse topography and ecological environment, which create suitable ecological geographical conditions for the formation and differentiation of fungal species, and contains an extremely rich and endemic fungal groups. However, the dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Qinling mountains are still unexplores, and lack systematic investigation and classification at genera and species level. Through collecting specimens from this region, combining molecular systematics, morphology and biology, we carried out the diversity and systematic classification of genera and species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes from the Qinling mountains: 1) Ascertaining the diversity and distribution of genera and species of dematiaceous hyphomycetes in the Qinling mountains, and clarifying the endemic genera and species; 2) Analyzing the phylogenetic relationship of genera and species, clarifying the influence of different substrate on their definition, evaluating their taxonomic criterion and classification framework, and creating their classification system that are closer to nature; 3) Correcting the taxonomic status of many dubious genera and species, clarifing the disorder among those genera and species, re-establishing the classification keys, and perfecting the taxonomic theory of these fungal groups. All those results have significance for us to excavate genera and species diversity in the Qinling mountains, and explore the origin and evolution of species, and also could provide important information and reference for further studies on the systematic classification of hyphomycetes.

秦岭山脉为世界级生物多样性热点地区，地形地貌和生态环境复杂多样，为真菌物种形成与分化营造了适宜的生态地理学条件，必然蕴含着种类极其丰富特有的真菌类群，但目前对暗色丝孢真菌资源挖掘贫乏，更缺乏属、种系统调查和分类研究。拟广泛征集秦岭山脉暗色丝孢真菌标本，综合分子系统学、形态学和生物学分析，深入开展秦岭山脉暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性及其系统分类研究：1）探明该地区暗色丝孢真菌属、种多样性及其分布特性，明确特有属、种资源；2）解析属、种系统发育关系，阐明不同基质对属、种界定的影响，评价属、种形态学划分标准与分类框架，创建更贴近自然的分类系统；3）订正疑难属、种分类地位，澄清属、种分类混乱，创制新分类检索表，丰富该类真菌分类理论。预期研究对充分挖掘该地区真菌属、种资源多样性、探索物种起源与演化等具重要科学意义，为深入开展丝孢真菌系统分类研究提供重要资料与借鉴。

本项目圆满完成了预定目标，取得了系列创新性成果：1）充分挖掘秦岭山脉暗色丝孢真菌资源多样性及其分布特性，初步建立秦岭山脉暗色丝孢真菌资源库，为深入开展我国境内该类群真菌属、种资源多样性研究提供经验积累；2）综合分析暗色丝孢真菌属、种分子系统学、形态学及生物学特征，建立适宜属、种更贴近自然的分类系统，重新评价属、种分类框架和划分标准，澄清疑难属、种分类的混乱，为深入开展该类真菌系统分类研究提供理论借鉴；3）系统开展了暗色丝孢真菌分类研究，正确鉴定新属3个，新种31个，已知种67个。相关研究结果发表论文17篇，培养多名熟练掌握真菌系统分类专业知识的硕士研究生。