喷射增材成形滑坡模型材料与结构双梯度滑带层基础研究

The landslide model testing is facing issues in property dis-match of soft soils and difficulty in precisely exhibiting failure mechanism in sliding zone band, leading to an insufficient analytic solution for preventing landslide hazards in China and around the World. This project proposes the use of material dispensing additive manufacturing technology in fabricating landslide model and sliding zone band between the sliding bed and body which has a certain thickness formed by gradient stone - soil - wax composite compositions and porous structures. The simulation of the sliding zone material microstructure and structural properties during their revolutionary damage period relies on adjusting porous structure to match permeability and mechanic parameters. In order to deliver this innovative idea, the project will investigate major materials and structures questions. It will study interfacing mechanism of the injected composites and the fundamental process of additive manufacturing, reveal Material - Structure – Property interactive relationships and analyze the geo-mechanics and failure mechanisms of dual gradient sliding zone band. This project will generate original findings in composite interface following the dispensing solidification; additive manufactured porous structure and sliding zone failure mechanisms. It will deliver an effective analytic method for the landslide research and prevention as well as lay the theoretic and engineering foundation for opening up the new application of additive manufacturing in geo-science and hazard prevention.

滑坡模型试验面临软土性能不匹配和滑带层难准确展现破坏机理的问题，导致了中国乃至世界各国的滑坡灾害防治仍然缺乏有效的分析手段。课题提出利用喷射增材成形技术制作滑坡试验模型，并将滑体和滑床之间的滑带层成形为具有一定厚度的石-土-蜡复合材料成分和孔状结构渐变的双梯度过渡层。将模仿软土和滑带材料微观组织和结构，依靠孔状结构调节渗透率和力学性能参数匹配，并利用多孔结构和成分梯度提供与滑带剪切破坏变形和演变相似的软弱层。为解决实现该创新思路涉及的关键材料和结构双梯度的基础科学问题，重点研究喷射成形复合材料界面结合机理及工艺基础，揭示双梯度滑带层材料-结构-性能耦合规律，分析滑带层的地质力学性能与破坏机制。研究有望在喷射复合材料界面机理，梯度材料及多孔结构喷射工艺与滑带破坏机制等方面获得原创性成果，为滑坡试验和防治提供新的分析方法，也为开拓增材制造在地质学科和灾害预防领域的创新应用奠定了理论和技术基础。

滑坡模型试验面临软土性能不匹配和滑带层难准确展现破坏机理的问题，无法为滑坡灾害预防和防治提供有效分析手段，导致了所在地区人员生命安全隐患。课题提出利用喷射增材成形技术，将滑坡模型滑体和滑床之间的过渡层成形为具有一定厚度的石-土-蜡复合材料成分渐变且具有梯度多孔的双梯度滑带层。将模仿滑带材料微观组织和结构性能过渡模式，依靠孔状结构调节渗透率和力学参数匹配，并利用多孔结构和成分梯度提供剪切破坏变形和演变相似的软弱面。通过增材制造和烧结，滑坡模型的三个部分的形态与设计的孔隙相对应，微米/纳米级孔均匀分布和特征性孔通过前期的梯度设计引入到模型中，具有开孔结构和高连通性。未经设计的双峰孔隙不仅在孔支架中而且在地质模型中均具有有效的模拟仿生特性。该技术为下一代地质物理模型中的功能梯度材料开辟了道路，并最终可以引导制造具有梯度孔和离散功能的工程模型，实现功能梯度材料滑坡模型中材料特性（如应力和渗流场）和结构的同步控制。