金属玻璃晶格结构超声微滴喷射增材制造机理研究

The metallic glass has broad application prospects in many important engineering fields because of its unique mechanical and physical properties. Faced with the situation that it is difficult to manufacture the bulk metallic glass with complicated structure because of the drawbacks in forming size, structural complexity and material variety, the project proposes an additive manufacturing method to manufacture metallic glass by acoustic droplet ejection. The effect of focused ultrasonic wave on the formation mechanism of metallic glass gel droplet and the interactional principle between metallic glass gel accumulation layers will be researched. In order to improve the mechanical performance of metallic glass lattice structure, homogenization method will be employed to predict the performance of lattice structure model and optimize the lattice structure parameters. For clarifying the strengthen mechanism of metallic glass part manufactured by acoustic droplet ejection additive manufacturing technology with complicated structure, the bonding mechanism of metallic glass powder during the sintering process and the influence of sintering parameters such as temperature on degree of crystallization and density will be explored. For promoting the development of metal glass manufacturing field and providing a scientific basis for metallic glass acoustic droplet ejection additive manufacturing, the controlling shape and performance additive manufacturing of metallic glass with complex structure will be realized and the metallic glass acoustic droplet ejection integrated evaluation system of forming material, manufacturing technology and mechanical properties will be established.

金属玻璃因其独特的力学与物理性能在许多重要工程领域中具有广泛的应用前景。大块复杂结构金属玻璃零件受成形尺寸、结构复杂性、材料多样性等方面的制约，因而在制造上存在很大困难。本项目提出金属玻璃材料超声微滴喷射增材制造方法，研究在聚焦超声作用下金属玻璃凝胶微滴形成原理及金属玻璃凝胶累加层间作用机制，采用均化法对晶格结构模型进行性能预测并优化晶格结构参数，进而提升金属玻璃多孔晶格结构力学性能；探寻超声微滴喷射增材制造金属玻璃零件强化过程中粉末颗粒粘结机理，研究温度等烧结参数对金属玻璃打印件晶化缺陷、致密化程度的影响机制，阐明大块复杂结构金属玻璃打印件强化机理；建立金属玻璃超声微滴喷射增材制造零件材料、工艺及性能一体化评价体系，实现金属玻璃复杂结构零件控形控性增材制造，推动金属玻璃增材制造领域的发展，为金属玻璃超声微滴喷射三维成形提供科学基础。

金属玻璃因其独特的力学与物理性能而在许多重要的工程领域中有着广泛的应用前景。大块复杂结构金属玻璃零件存在成形尺寸、结构复杂性、材料多样性等方面的问题使其制造具有很大困难。本项目以金属玻璃增材制造为主线，主要开展了以下研究内容：（1）提出了金属玻璃超声微滴喷射增材制造方法，探究了聚焦超声作用下金属玻璃凝胶微滴的形成机制，发明了多种超声微滴喷射增材制造方法并申报发明专利；（2）提出利用金属玻璃过冷液相区间内粘性流动的特性，采用气动喷射技术实现金属玻璃粉末低温增材制造成形的新技术，揭示了金属玻璃粉末形貌、粒度，浆料分散剂种类、PH值对粉末湿润性和浆料悬浮稳定性的影响机理。阐明了在金属玻璃过冷液态温区内烧结参数、浆料物性对打印样件烧结强化后显微组织与宏微观机械性能的作用机理，实现了致密度较高的大块铁基金属玻璃增材制造。（3）提出了向金属玻璃薄带内输入高频超声振动固结成形大块金属玻璃及其与晶态金属复合材料的超声增材制造方法。超声增材制造镍基金属玻璃的弹性模量较原材料提高了50%，成形的金属玻璃复合材料机械性能介于晶态与非晶态组成材料之间。揭示了超声振动能对增材制造大块金属玻璃及其复合材料的成形质量、显微组织、机械性能的影响机制，实现了大块镍基金属玻璃与铜、铝复合材料的固结增材制造。（4）开展了金属玻璃选区激光熔化增材制造研究，研究了激光增材制造过程中金属玻璃成形件宏微观裂纹的形成机理，结合原位监测探究了激光工艺参数对成形过程中氧化现象的作用机制，实现了基于金属玻璃粉末材料增材制造无氧化、无裂纹的复杂结构零件。基于对宏微观成型缺陷的系统研究，通过编辑激光工艺参数，成型出了金属玻璃梯度材料零件。研究成果发表SCI检索论文10篇，授权国家发明1件，培养博士研究生1名，并入选吉林大学首批“鼎新学者”；培养硕士研究生5名。实现了金属玻璃复杂结构零件控形控性增材制造，推动金属玻璃增材制造领域的发展。