基于DNA条形码探讨红树林海区鱼卵和仔稚鱼分类与分布规律

The morphology classification system of the adult fishes cannot be served as references for the species identification of early life stage, while the taxonomic study of fish eggs and larvae have lagged far behind the adult fish, seriously restricting the effective identification. Mangrove ecosystems are essential habitats that attract many fish species utilizing them as refuge, foraging, spawning and nursery areas. This study attempts to collect eggs, larvae and adult fish from the mangroves (offshore, tidal creek) and aquaculture farms of the Leizhou Peninsula. Based on their light-microscopic characters and DNA barcodes data, we aims to explore that (1) under different environmental conditions, the variability of morphological characteristics in the early ontogenetic stages, then select the stable and efficient morphological characteristics to lay the foundation for the complementary development of fish classification system, (2) the species composition and abundance of fish eggs and larvae in the mangroves, and the correlation with the environment, which should help clarify the significance of the mangroves for fish spawning and nursery, moreover， provide a reference for the resource conservation of "mangroves-seagrass-reef" ecosystems and protected areas.

鱼类早期发育阶段难以参考成鱼形态学分类系统进行鉴定，相应系统分类学研究远落后于成鱼，严重制约着鱼卵、仔鱼和稚鱼的有效鉴定。红树林作为近海鱼类良好的隐蔽、觅食、产卵、育幼场所，对早期发育阶段鱼类具有重要作用。本研究试图从雷州半岛红树林海区（近海、潮沟）以及育苗场采集鱼卵、仔稚鱼和成鱼；利用光学显微镜等详细记录和整理鱼卵和仔鱼的个体发育的形态特征；获取DNA 条形码并与成鱼数据库比对，准确鉴定鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种、属，从而：（1）比较不同环境条件下鱼类早期发育阶段各形态特征的变异程度，发掘稳定有效的形态学分类特征，为探索分子与形态相结合的综合分类方法，补充发展鱼类的分类体系奠定基础；（2）揭示早期发育阶段鱼类在红树林海区的物种组成、丰度，及它们与环境的关系，阐明雷州半岛红树林海区对于鱼类产卵和育幼的意义,为"红树林-海草场-岩礁区"生态系统及相关保护区的鱼类资源保育及海洋生态保护提供参考。

鱼类早期发育阶段难以参考成鱼形态学分类系统进行鉴定，相应系统分类学研究远落后于成鱼，严重制约着鱼卵、仔鱼和稚鱼的有效鉴定。红树林作为近海鱼类良好的隐蔽、觅食、产卵、育幼场所，对早期发育阶段鱼类具有重要作用。本研究连续3年从雷州半岛红树林海区（近海、潮沟）以及育苗场采集了共计3000余鱼卵、仔稚鱼和成鱼各月份样本；利用光学显微镜等详细记录和整理了鱼卵和仔鱼的个体发育的形态特征；获取并上传400余条DNA 条形码至GenBank和BOLD数据库。通过与成鱼数据库比对，准确鉴定鱼卵和仔稚鱼的种、属，从而：（1）系统比较了雷州半岛东西两侧不同环境条件下鱼类早期发育阶段各形态特征的变异程度，发掘稳定有效的形态学分类特征，为探索分子与形态相结合的综合分类方法，补充发展鱼类的分类体系奠定基础；（2）揭示了早期发育阶段鱼类在红树林海区的物种组成、丰度，及它们与环境的关系，初步揭示出雷州半岛红树林海区对于鱼类产卵和育幼具有极为重要的意义,为"红树林-海草场-岩礁区"生态系统及相关保护区的鱼类资源保育及海洋生态保护提供了参考；（3） 发现红树林优势特色物种湖栖鳍虾虎鱼（Gobiopterus lacustris）等为新纪录物种，并进行了群体遗传学研究。现正试图引入实验室养殖，以便利用其成体透明等特点进行拓展研究。