黄、东海主要硬骨鱼类鱼卵、仔稚鱼分类系统构建

The accurate identification of ichthyoplankton is of considerable value in basic research on early recruitment mechanism of the fish, fishery stock analysis and fisheries biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. As changes in the morphometric feature of the fish eggs and larvae development stages are remarkable and there are great differences between the ichthyoplankton and their adults, taxonomic identification of the ichthyoplankton is difficult. Therefore, the research team of ichthyoplankton taxonomy becomes weaker and weaker, and has to face the embarrassing fact that lack of researchers familiar with ichthyoplankton identification technique. In addition, after over 50 years research on this field, the taxonomy of ichthyoplankton in the Beloniformes, Perciformes, Scorpaeniformes and Pleuronectiformes etc are still been debated and a consensus has not yet been reached. All these inhibited the development of study on early recruitment mechanism of the fish. This study aims to carry out morphological characteristics and systematic classification of ichthyoplankton in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea through traditional morphological classification methods. Historical data, including 222 species of ichthyoplankton data and other samples colleted from 370 investigation sites, and new samples collected from Yellow Sea and East China Sea in the near future, would be studied. Also the DNA barcoding and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) will be applied to identify the species identified difficultly or in doubt through morphological classification. To establish methods to identify this species, the results of DNA barcoding or SEM will also be corroborate by the results of morphological classification. The identification key of main species will also be established. All these would provide basic information on studies in the early recruitment mechanism of the fish and the sustainable use of the fishery resources. At the same time, the reserve personnel of ichthyoplankton taxonomy would be trained.

鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类的准确鉴别是鱼类早期补充机制、资源量评估、渔业生物多样性保护和管理的基础。鱼卵和仔稚鱼发育阶段形态特征变化显著，与成鱼形态差异悬殊，种类鉴定难度大，导致从事该方向研究的人员队伍日益衰退，分类鉴定技术后继无人的窘境；另一方面，历经了50余年的研究，尚有诸多类别如颌针鱼目、鲈形目、鲉形目、鲽形目等种类的鱼卵、仔稚鱼分类鉴定尚缺或存在歧义，制约了鱼类早期补充机制的研究。本项目拟利用已有的222种鱼卵和仔稚鱼资料和370 站/次样品，补充收集黄东海样品，运用传统形态学分类方法，系统开展黄东海鱼卵、仔稚鱼形态及分类的研究；对形态学分类比较困难和存有疑问的种类，通过DNA条形码和扫描电镜技术获得准确的分类特征并与传统形态学方法相互印证，探索疑难种类的鉴定方法；构建主要种类形态分类检索表，为鱼类早期补充机制、资源可持续利用等研究提供必备的基础资料，同时培养鱼卵、仔稚鱼种类鉴别的后备人才。

鱼卵、仔稚鱼的分类与鉴别是鱼类早期补充机制、资源量评估、渔业生物多样性保护与渔业管理的基础工作。当前我国鱼类早期生活史研究的科研力量相当薄弱以及受种类鉴别的困扰，制约了本学科的发展与相关研究工作的深入进行。利用30多年积累的我国近海鱼类与太平洋西部和黑潮流域大洋性鱼类鱼卵和仔稚鱼样品与渤、黄、东海补充采集的样品，围绕鱼卵、仔稚鱼发育形态和种类鉴别、鱼卵卵膜表面显微结构与鱼卵DNA条形码鉴别研究内容，并将三个研究内容相互结合，系统开展中国近海及其邻近海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼形态与系统分类以及种群早期生活生态学的研究，完成了项目的各项研究任务和指标，发表SCI论文5篇、学报级论文5篇和专著1部并完成4篇论文初稿；建立底灯鱼属、明灯鱼属和灯笼鱼属仔稚鱼与中国沿海17种鲱科和鳀科鱼卵的分类检索表；通过DNA条形码和扫描电镜技术与传统形态学的相互印证，探索疑难种类的鉴定方法，构建鱼卵、仔稚鱼分类与鉴别平台，纠正早期文献中康氏小公鱼卵子形态的错误信息。种群早期生活生态学的研究为系统研究气候变迁与人为扰动对东海生态系统结构与功能的影响积累基础资料、对鳀和大头鳕早期补充机制的深入研究具有指导和参考意义。“中国近海及其邻近海域鱼卵与仔稚鱼”为我国第二本鱼类早期生活史研究专著，以图文的形式记述222种鱼卵、仔稚鱼发育形态，绘制86和600幅鱼卵和仔稚鱼形态图以及引用17幅相关种类形态的插图，将我国鱼类早期生活史研究由近海海域向外海深水海域拓展；160个种类的早期形态和分布信息为我国首次记述，填补了我国记录上的空白，为今后相关的海洋调查的鱼卵、仔稚鱼鉴定提供理论依据，同时为早期补充过程的深入研究提供相关的生物学和生态学信息，促进学科的发展，缩小与国际研究同行之间的差距，提高我国鱼类早期生活史研究在国际上的地位。培养一位博士研究生与一批鱼类早期生活史研究的人员，壮实了本学科的研究队伍，达到项目的预期目标。