基于线粒体基因组序列与形态的中国眼蕈蚊科分类体系重建

Sciaridae is a very speciose family in Diptera, with about 2000 species in 90 genera recorded worldly. Many of the species are serious pests in agriculture and therefore the taxon deserves economic value. We have systematically studied the family from China and recorded 395 species belonging to 31 genera, including 48 new species and 41 new records. In addition, the mitochondrial genome of two species and COI gene of 17 species were also have been sequenced for phylogeny analysis within Diptera and the family in our study. In order to make sure the monophyly of the family, the phylogeny status of the genera, tribes and subfamilies, and other related questions, the proposed project plans for a further phylogenetic research, mainly based on the mitochondrial genomes of at least 60 species within 25 genera, and also the morphological characteristics. The phylogeny of genera would suggest the phylogeny of the higher level taxons and help revise the systematic of Sciaridae. The team of the proposal has showed their excellent speciality and experience in taxonomy, morphology and molecular phylogeny of the taxon. Therefore, the proposal would be surely well implemented, once get funded from NSFC.

眼蕈蚊科Sciaridae隶属双翅目眼蕈蚊总科（Diptera: Sciaroidea），种类非常丰富，全世界已记录90余属2000余种，不少种类是重要的农林害虫，具有重要的经济意义。通过本项目组系统分类学研究与整理，目前共记录中国眼蕈蚊31属395种，涉及48新种、41中国新记录种，并积累了大量模式标本、定名标本及液浸标本，为部分物种建立了形态学性状数据库，获得了2个物种的线粒体全基因组和17个物种的COI序列。研究中发现该类群昆虫在科的单系性、物种归属、亚科和族阶元的划分等问题上存在诸多争议和不确定性。本项目组拟选取不少于25属60个代表种的线粒体基因组序列，并结合形态学数据，用支序系统学方法分析眼蕈蚊科昆虫的属级系统发育关系，从而重建该类群高级阶元的分类体系。项目组已经在眼蕈蚊分类学、形态学、分子系统学、国际合作等各方面奠定了坚实基础，一旦获取基金资助，一定能够完成项目的预期任务。

眼蕈蚊科Sciaridae隶属于双翅目Diptera，长角亚目Nematocera，眼蕈蚊总科Sciaroidea，为物种异常丰富的类群。项目采用线粒体基因序列和形态特征，对中国眼蕈蚊科昆虫展开系统发育与分类研究。选取线粒体基因序列对瓣眼蕈蚊属Schwenckfeldina等代表属进行分子系统发育研究，初步探索了各属间的系统发育关系，分析中还发现了新属等新类群。结合形态和DNA条形码数据的对华眼蕈蚊属Sinosciara等展开物种的分子鉴定与形态特征研究，对常见温室害虫进行厘定并提取DNA条形码，发现诸多新异名、新组合、新纪录种、新物种等，初步建立眼蕈蚊科昆虫物种分子鉴定的参考遗传距离，并为眼蕈蚊科害虫的快速分子鉴定提供了依据。传统分类研究主要集中于摩眼蕈蚊属Mohrigia等代表属，同时通过国际合作，基本完成了对该类群杨集昆先生定名模式标本和普通标本的全部厘定。项目研究中，依据分子数据和形态特征，通过对各属的详细厘定和对已记录种类的整理，共记录中国眼蕈蚊科昆虫32属408种。已经发表研究论文6篇，培养硕士研究生3人。并尚有大量研究结果即将整理和发表，其中包括Zootaxa杂志的一本Monograph。. 本项目结果初步明确了中国眼蕈蚊科昆虫的基础数据和分类体系，推动了世界及中国眼蕈蚊科昆虫的研究进程，眼蕈蚊害虫物种的快速准确分子鉴定对相关害虫的综合治理提供了支持。