Diatom detection,the most important auxiliary means for diagnosis of drowning in forensic medicine,is conventional detected by morphological classification and proved to be time consuming,easy pollution,insecurity and missed diagnosis sometimes,therefore not fully meet the need of forensic practice. Recent years, molecular detection technology for diatom was launched,this method needs not nitric acid digestion,simple and fast,independent of morphological classification and with relatively high sensitivity,specificity and positive rate,and also has the ability to eliminate interference from putrefying bacteria,especially relies on the research results in Gene Banker,it is promising to be a new technology to instead the conventional methods in future..Based on our previous researches,this explore study is performed to resolve some key difficulties in present study for molecular detecting of diatom in forensic medicine. It’s the first time that three technologies,including DNA barcoding、MiSeq and HRM,are combined organically and try to screening Molecular marker for diatom classification ,No missing detecting of all kinds of diatoms in samples,simple and convenient examining and comparing with each other for diatoms in the overall and systematic level,and then to build standard and operable protocol for molecular detecting of diatom in forensic medicine. Meanwhile,ecological research of diatom in Hainan island and forensic diatom Gene Banker are carried out,which will Lay a solid foundation for the using of molecular detecting of diatom in forensic practice.
硅藻检验是法医学溺死鉴定的重要手段,可用于判断是否生前溺水及溺水地点,目前普遍采用的形态学检验方法存在耗时、易污染、不安全、易漏诊等缺点,难以满足法医学需求。近年兴起的硅藻分子检验技术研究,无需硝酸消化、快捷、分类不依赖形态学特征,具有更高灵敏度、特异性和检出率,并可排除样本中腐败菌的干扰,依靠基因组数据库研究结果,有望成为法医学硅藻检验的可靠新方法。.在课题组前期研究的基础上,本课题针对目前法医学硅藻分子检验的关键性难题,首次探索通过DNA barcoding、MiSeq和HRM技术的有机结合,尝试从硅藻分子标记的筛选、样本中所含多种硅藻的无遗漏分子检测、简便快捷的硅藻样本检验与比对技术等法医学硅藻检验的关键环节入手,进行整体、系统研究,探索适合法医学需要的硅藻分子检验体系;同时对海南岛独特水系的硅藻生态进行研究,构建法医学硅藻基因数据库,为硅藻分子检验真正用于法医学实践做出进一步探索。
水中尸体在法医学实践中常见,判断其是否生前落水及落水地点是法医学工作的重要内容,硅藻检验作为法医学溺死鉴定的重要辅助手段,对于判断是否生前溺水及溺水地点具有重要价值。硅藻检验目前普遍采用形态学检验方法,存在耗时、易污染、不安全、易漏诊等缺点,难以满足法医学需求。近年兴起研究的硅藻分子检验技术,无需硝酸消化、快捷、分类不依赖形态学特征,具有更高灵敏度、特异性和检出率,并可排除样本中腐败菌的干扰,其结果还可以通过基因组数据库进行比对判断,有望成为法医学硅藻检验的新途径。.本课题组对海南境内有代表性的水域进行了水样收集,对不同季节水体中的硅藻种类进行了调查研究,初步研究发现由于海南的热带气候原因四季变化差别有限,不同水域的硅藻种类变化主要与气温的关系似乎更大,但结论的得出需要更多几年的数据积累。同时,通过建立家兔溺死实验动物模型,对生前溺死和死后入水动物体内硅藻的分布进行了研究,证实血液丰富的器官组织具有更多的硅藻,不同组织中硅藻的种类和数量有一定的差距。对水样和溺死动物体内的各器官组织,通过提取硅藻DNA,建立了DNA Barcoding技术,扩增产物进行Miseq测序、BLAST数据比对,发现相比形态学种属鉴定,通过分子种属鉴定能发现更多的藻类种群,但高分辨率熔解曲线分析技术在进行水样和器官组织提取的硅藻DNA进行检验时,其结果存在不稳定、不确定的现象,考虑由于所提取DNA为多种硅藻的混合以及不同硅藻在不同器官中的分布差异有关;但所有通过Miseq测序的结果都比较稳定,说明该方法在对自然界水样和溺水器官组织硅藻分子种属鉴定具有较好的实用性,同时也探索在法医学实践中进行应用,取得了预期结果。课题组对海南岛常见硅藻的DNA数据进行了收集,拟构建海南硅藻DNA的小型数据库。.本研究初步获得的海南岛内不同地区硅藻群落分布特点及分子种属鉴定方法,将为海南岛水中尸体的法医学检验提供理论与实践支持。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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