低温下磁场强化活性污泥处理印染废水技术研究

It is the fundamental choice to solve the problem of poor effect of biological wastewater treatment in winter of northern China, through strengthening the wastewater treatment at low temperature. This study focuses on dyeing wastewater, and magnetic field is used to strengthen the activated sludge microbes (ASM). Cold adaptability mechanism and strengthening mechanism are analyzed from membrane, protein and gene level. It includes that: ① analyze the spatial structure and function of specific phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) and enzymes at low temperature to determine the key PLFA and enzymes relative to cold adaptability and degradation of organic matter; ② strengthen ASM by magnetic biological effect to determine efficient and sensitive process to treat dyeing wastewater at low temperature; ③ analyze the community structure and functional gene expression of ASM through high-throughput sequencing technology to investigate the cold adaptability mechanism to guide the regulation of dyeing wastewater biological treatment at low temperature. The significance of this study lies in: ① analyze the effect of magnetic field on the spatial structure and function of specific PLFA and enzymes and the functional gene expression at low temperature, and explain the cold adaptability and strengthening efficiency mechanisms; ② regulate the response degree between magnetic field and ASM to realize the controllable operation of dyeing wastewater recycling at low temperature.

对低温污水进行强化处理，是解决我国北方地区冬季污水生物处理效果差的根本选择。本项目以低温(4-15℃)印染废水为研究对象，采用磁场强化活性污泥微生物(ASM)，从膜水平、蛋白水平和基因水平分析ASM低温适冷机理及磁场强化机理，将此强化技术用于低温下污染物生物降解体系，内容包括：①分析低温下特定磷脂脂肪酸（PLFA）和酶类的空间结构及功能，确定对ASM适冷性及有机物降解起关键作用的PLFA及低温酶类；②利用磁生物效应强化ASM，确定高效、灵敏的磁场强化活性污泥处理低温印染废水的工艺条件；③通过高通量测序技术，分析ASM种群结构及功能基因表达，从基因水平考察ASM适冷机理，指导低温印染废水生物处理工艺调控。意义在于：①分析低温下磁场对PLFA、酶的分子组成和空间结构以及基因表达影响，从机理上解释ASM低温适冷性及磁场强化效能；②调控磁场和ASM响应程度，实现对低温印染废水资源化处理的可控操作。

低温是我国冬季寒冷地区印染废水生化处理工艺最大的限制因素。针对低温印染废水生化处理难以达标排放的问题，研究新型处理工艺进而优化生物反应器低温性能，保证其处理效果优异、运行稳定，成为印染废水研究领域的重要方向之一。本项目以低温印染废水为研究对象，采用磁场强化活性污泥微生物（ASM），从膜水平、蛋白水平和群落水平分析微生物的低温适冷性及磁场强化效能，解释ASM低温适冷性及磁场强化效能的响应关系。数据表明，低温下相比于活性红，活性污泥对酸性红的降解效果更好；磁场强化反应器在30mT下TTC脱氢酶活性达到最大值9.44 mgTF/gSS，且印染废水去除率比对照组高26.16%；在低温冷冲击下，磁场强化反应器SOD最高达4.9 U/mg prot，磁场对于微生物SOD及TTC脱氢酶活性的提高具有正向的强化作用；PLFA结果显示低温下酸性红比活性红反应器具有更高的UFAs含量及Shannon-Wiener多样性指数，且磁场强化有利于微生物合成UFAs，以提高适冷性；通过高通量测序种群结构分析，低温下酸性红、活性红反应器优势菌门主要为变形菌门Proteobacteria、拟杆菌门Bacteroidetes以及绿弯菌门Chloroflexi。本项目指导低温下印染废水生物降解体系运行，以期达到低温印染废水资源化的目标。