耐盐复合菌系-SMFMBR处理印染废水及其机制研究

Basing on the preliminary work on "Treatment of azo dyes by the combination of fungi and bacteria" and important conclusions of corresponding researches on "Improvement of microbial metabolic activities and tolerance to extreme environments, as well as inhibition of membrane fouling with magnetic field", the project titled "Treatment of dyeing wastewater by salt-tolerant composite microbial system - static magnetic field attached membrane bioreactor (SMFMBR) and the study of mechanism" is proposed aiming at treatment of high-salt dyeing wastewaters. The main contents of this project concludes four parts. Firstly, an efficient salt-tolerant composite microbial (fungi-bacteria symbiosis) system capable of treating high-salt dyeing wastewaters will be prepared through the purification and culture technique coupling with the high-throughput sequencing technology. Secondly, mechanism on enhancement of salt-tolerant composite microbial system by static magnetic field (SMF) will be studied and technical parameters will be optimized. Thirdly, mechanism of membrane fouling inhibition by SMF will be studied and the corresponding regulation and control strategy will be developed. Finally, a salt-tolerant composite microbial system - SMFMBR process will be established and the treatment efficiency and stability of this technique will be investigated through long-term operation. Furthermore, the dynamics of microbial community structure during the long-term operation will be analyzed and the regulation and control strategy will be developed basing on operating data. This study aims at treatment of high-salt industrial wastewaters with the combination of efficient salt-tolerant composite microbial system and static magnetic field. Treatment efficiency is expected to be promoted, meanwhile, membrane fouling is expected to be inhibited. Moreover, the influencing mechanisms will be further discussed. The results of this study will be significantly theoretical guidance and valuable data support for the exploitation of novel biological treatment technologies aiming at effective treatment of high-salt industrial wastewaters.

本项目针对高盐工业废水，以“利用真菌-细菌联合处理偶氮染料”的研究工作为基础，基于磁场可改善微生物代谢活性及极端环境耐受性，并可抑制膜污染的相关研究结论，提出“耐盐复合菌系-静态磁场膜生物反应器（SMFMBR）处理印染废水及其机制研究”，内容包括：（1）以高盐印染废水为对象，利用纯培养结合高通量测序技术制备高效耐盐复合（真、细菌共生）菌系；（2）静态磁场对耐盐复合菌系的强化机制研究及工艺参数优化；（3）静态磁场对膜污染抑制机制研究及调控策略建立；（4）构建耐盐复合菌系-SMFMBR工艺，考察长期运行处理效果及稳定性，解析运行过程中的微生物的群落结构及其动态变化，并根据运行数据建立工艺调控策略。本项目针对高盐印染废水，将高效耐盐复合菌系与静态磁场相结合，旨在进一步提升处理效果的同时有效抑制膜污染，并深入探讨影响机制，为针对高盐工业废水处理的新型生物工艺研发提供重要的理论依据及数据支持。

本项目拟构建耐盐复合菌系-静态磁场膜生物反应（SMFMBR），用于高盐印染废水的处理，深入探讨了磁场对处理效果、膜污染的影响机制，并提出相应的工艺调控策略。得到了如下主要结论：.（1）从海泥中分离得到四株能够在高盐条件下高效降解偶氮染料的酵母，在对其进行系统鉴定、特性考察、代谢途径及关键酶活性分析等系统研究基础上，选择其中一株或多株与活性污泥进行复配以构建耐盐复合菌系，利用表面响应法优化并确定复合菌系构建过程中的关键条件，并通过短期连续处理试验初步验证了复合菌系及SMF强化复合菌系对处理效率及稳定性的提升效果。.（2）以模拟高盐偶氮染料废水为处理对象，利用序批式连续处理实验考察了SMF对模拟废水连续处理效果的影响。结果显示，优化强度的SMF可以进一步提升复合菌系的处理效率及稳定性，同时改善污泥的沉降性能并维持较高的生物量。可见，磁场强度是磁强化生物处理工艺的重要影响因素，因此确定其为影响处理效率的重要工艺调控参数。.（3）构建实验室规模平板膜组件MBR，并在平板膜组件附近设置不同强度的SMF以构建SMFMBR，考察其对模拟高盐偶氮染料废水的长期连续处理效果，重点关注膜污染情况并进行组间比较。结果显示，高强度（约200.0-300.0 mT）SMF可以抑制微生物产物类的膜污染物（SMP、EPS等）合成以及潜在致污染微生物的生长，同时使生物滤饼层结构更加松散，使其具有更低的过滤阻力和更高的透水率，从而降低MBR的膜污染程度。可见，SMF强度同样对膜污染程度产生重要影响，因此确定其为影响膜污染的重要工艺调控参数。.（4）最后，进一步验证了SMFMBR工艺对实际高盐纺织印染废水的连续处理效果，并利用多组学手段深入探讨了SMF对膜污染的影响机制。结果显示，SMF对宏观处理效果的影响与前面利用模拟废水进行的研究结果相一致。在对膜污染机制进行深入探讨时发现，高强度SMF除了可以抑制SMP及EPS的合成外，还可能抑制潜在致膜污染微生物物种的生长富集及可能导致膜污染蛋白的表达，从而达到抑制膜污染的目的。