曲霉脱色机理及共固定化处理印染废水的研究

Xinjiang is the most important cotton resource base in P.R. China. It has been forming the whole chain, including cotton production, spinning, weaving, dyeing and printing, and clothing industry. Because of the complex composition of textile wastewater, conventional physical, chemical, and biological treatment methods have either high costs or poor treatment effect. The sustainable development of Xinjiang's textile industry meets the big problem of textile printing and dyeing wastewater treatment. It has been found that fungi have the great advantage in the decoloration of dye wastewater. In this research, self-screening fungi as the starting decolorization strains were investigated. The mechanism of decolorization and key enzymes in decolorization of dyes will be investigated. The co-immobilization methods is suggested for the decolorization of fungi, in order to strengthen their decolorization ability. The structure of existing activated sludge system was investigated first. And the in situ bioaugmentation will be studied and the decolorization of process parameters optimized to improve the effect of the textile wastewater treatment.

新疆是我国重要的棉花资源基地，已形成从植棉、纺纱、织布、印染、色染到成衣的产业链。而纺织印染废水危害严重，其有效处理成为亟待解决的问题之一。目前已广泛应用的生物法处理能力较差，提高其处理效率对于新疆纺织行业的可持续发展具有现实意义。本项目针对在印染废水脱色中潜力巨大的真菌类微生物，以自行筛选到的可分别降解蒽醌、偶氮类染料的两株曲霉为出发，考察其脱色过程中蒽醌、偶氮类染料的代谢路径，脱色酶的催化机理及影响因素，研究其脱色降解机制，找出脱色过程中的关键控制因子；在此基础上设计共固定路线，优化固定化条件，扩大固定化微生物脱色应用范围，利用共固定微生物进行印染废水的强化脱色研究，提高纺织废水生化系统处理效率，节省处理成本，为纺织印染废水的高效处理奠定基础。

新疆是我国重要的棉花资源基地，已形成从植棉、纺纱、织布、印染、色染到成衣的产业链。而纺织印染废水危害严重，其有效处理成为亟待解决的问题之一。目前已广泛应用的生物法处理能力较差，提高其处理效率对于新疆纺织行业的可持续发展具有现实意义。本项目针对在印染废水脱色中潜力巨大的真菌类微生物，以自行筛选到的两株曲霉以及一株微藻为出发，探究降解蒽醌、偶氮类染料时的代谢路径，以及脱色降解机制。明晰脱色过程中起关键作用的木质素酶系的催化机理及其影响因素，找出脱色过程中的关键作用酶。并定位关键酶基因，通过克隆，异源表达于毕赤酵母中；得到稳定的工程菌，发酵产酶，探究了重组酶的酶学性能。且在此基础上设计共固定路线，构建了共固定曲霉体系和小球藻-活性污泥体系。优化了共固定化条件后，共固定曲霉体系对130 mg/L混合染料的脱色率在48 h时达93.4%，较游离共培养体系的脱色率提高了30%左右；复合体系较单一体系相比，脱色效果更高，藻类的加入使得COD和TP的去除率均在90%以上。共固定曲霉体系和小球藻-活性污泥体系的研究扩大了固定化微生物脱色应用范围。利用共固定微生物进行印染废水的强化脱色研究，可提高纺织废水生化系统处理效率，且节省处理成本，为纺织印染废水的高效处理奠定了基础。