城市街区形态+风环境模型库的建立与应用--以北京为例

At present, with the acceleration of urbanization, many cities have worrying environmental quality. The improvement of wind environment can effectively promote the diffusion reduction of air pollutants and suppress the formation of urban heat island effect. This study studies the wind environment through urban morphological parameterization research and CFD simulation method, and attempts to establish a city block morphological model library related to the wind environment in Beijing area, and combines the local environment to conduct wind environment assessment and block morphological selection of different blocks. Provide suggestions for future urban planning and renovation in Beijing. The project first selects the typical block form in the urban area of Beijing, and classifies and groups the urban form parameterization. Then, the uniform wind environment simulation of each block is carried out, and the wind environment index values of each model are obtained, and a comparison model library of urban block form and wind environment parameters suitable for the Beijing area is initially formed. At the same time, according to the correlation analysis between the morphological parameters of the model library and the wind environment indicators, the most important block morphological parameters affecting the wind environment can be obtained. Finally, the application part, 2-3 typical blocks in the Beijing City were selected for wind environment measurement and numerical simulation. According to the block model library, the ventilation effects under different selection schemes were evaluated, and a scientific strategy was provided to optimize the construction of good ventilation conditions in existing blocks and new areas.

当前随着城市化的加速，许多城市环境质量堪忧，风环境的改善可以有效地促进空气污染物的扩散降减和抑制城市热岛效应的形成。本研究通过城市形态参数化研究和CFD模拟方法来研究风环境，试图在北京地区建立与风环境相关的城市街区形态模型库，结合当地环境对不同街区进行风环境评估和街区形态选型，为北京市未来城市规划和改造提供建议。项目首先在北京市城区选择典型街区形态，分类分组进行城市形态参数化归纳。然后对各街区进行均一化风环境模拟，得到各模型风环境指标值，初步形成适用于北京市地区的城市街区形态与风环境参数对照模型库。同时，根据模型库各组形态参数与风环境指标的相关分析，可得出影响风环境最重要的街区形态参数。最后案例应用部分选择北京市2-3个典型街区进行风环境实测和环境分析，参考街区形态模型库，评估不同选型方案下的通风效果，为优化既有街区和新区建设良好通风条件提供科学建议。

城市风环境的改善可以有效地促进城市空气污染物的扩散降减和抑制城市热岛效应的形成。本研究通过城市形态参数化研究和CFD模拟方法来研究风环境，试图在北京地区建立与风环境相关的城市街区形态模型库，结合当地环境对不同街区进行风环境评估和街区形态选型，为北京市未来城市规划和改造提供建议。项目基本按计划进行，完成预计的北京城市典型街区模型的数据收集和物理建模。现已收集北京市中心城区的典型街区模型100个，其中居住类街区82个，商业类街区18个。另外，收集同纬度的乌鲁木齐市中心城区的街区模型81个，南北差异对比的苏州市中心城区的街区模型74个。另外，对选择的北京市14个典型街区进行 CFD 风环境模拟实验，对实验数据进行分析整理，建立了北京地区的街区形态+风环境组合参数基本模型库。通过分析不同典型街区类型下风环境表现，从不同高度截面来评估街区内小风区面积比，舒适风区占比等风环境指标，总结出影响不同高度街区风环境所对应的街区形态指标特征。模型库的建立和街区风环境评估结果可以为北京地区既有街区和新区建设的通风环境优化提供积极的科学参考。