中国烟白齿菌科(Bankeraceae)菌根真菌的分类与系统发育研究

Bankeraceae is a group of ectomycorrhizal fungi with great ecological functions. Some species are edible or medicinal mushrooms with important economic values. Systemtic studies of Bankeraceae had been carrid out in Europe and North America, and those studies were mainly based on morphological characters. Only few phylogenetic studies were focused on Bankeraceae. Previously, there were no systematic studies on the taxonomy and phylogeny of Bankeraceae in China. Only a few species were reported sporadically. The knowledge about the diversity of species and genera of Bankeraceae in China are scanty. The species concept, geographic distribution and its relationship with host trees, the delimitation standards of genera and species, and the phylogenetic relationships among genera and species of Bankeraceae in China remain uncertain, and further studies are badly needed. This project intends to investigate the species diversity and geographic distribution of Bankeraceae by extensive field investigations and specimen collections from different areas in China. The relationships between the mycorrhizal fungi of Bankeraceae and their host trees will be analyzed. Systematic studies of Bankeraceae will be carried out based on morphological characters and molecular data, along with geographical distributions, ecological habits and host information. Phylogenetic analyses of genera and species in Bankeraceae will be reconstructed based on multi-gene sequences. The goals of this study are: 1) clarify the species diversity, distribution information and relationships with host trees of mycorrhizal fungi of Bankeraceae in China, 2) resolve the taxonomic problems and define the species concepts of Bankeraceae, 3) put forward the delimitation standards of genera and species in the family, 4) screen out the stable morphological classification features and suitable DNA barcodes, 5) analyze the evolutionary phylogenetic relationships of fungal genera and species within this family, and among Bankeraceae and its related families, and then to 6) establish a more natural and reasonable classification system of Bankeraceae.

烟白齿菌科是大型真菌中的一个外生菌根菌类群，有些种类是食药用菌，具有重要的生态功能和经济价值。世界范围内对该科研究较为深入的是欧美地区，以形态学分类为主，有关该科的系统发育研究较少。我国过去没有系统开展过烟白齿菌科的分类与系统发育研究，对于该科真菌在我国的物种多样性与地理分布、及其与宿主树木的关系，物种概念与属种划分标准，属种间的系统发育关系等研究还非常匮乏。本项目将调查我国烟白齿菌科的物种多样性与地理分布，分析该科真菌与宿主树木间的关系，利用形态学和分子数据相结合的方法，综合地理分布、生态习性和宿主信息等，对烟白齿菌科进行系统分类研究，并基于多基因序列重建该科属种间的系统发育关系。通过本研究，澄清分类中存在的问题，确定属种划分依据与科学的物种概念，筛选出稳定的形态学特征与适合的分子标记基因，分析烟白齿菌科与相近科、科内属间、属内种间的亲缘关系，建立烟白齿菌科趋于自然的分类系统。

烟白齿菌科是大型真菌中的一个外生菌根菌类群，有些种类是食药用菌，具有重要的生态功能和经济价值。世界范围内对该科研究较为深入的是欧美地区，以形态学分类为主，有关该科的系统发育研究较少。我国过去没有系统开展过烟白齿菌科的分类与系统发育研究，对于该科真菌在我国的物种多样性与地理分布、及其与宿主树木的关系，物种概念与属种划分标准，属种间的系统发育关系等研究还非常匮乏。本项目开展了中国烟白齿菌科真菌的分类与系统发育研究，通过野外调查采集并借阅了其它标本馆中保藏的烟白齿菌科真菌标本，利用形态学和分子数据相结合的方法，综合地理分布、生态习性和宿主信息等，对烟白齿菌科进行了系统分类研究，并基于多基因序列分析了该科属种间的系统发育关系。通过本研究明确了中国烟白齿菌科的物种多样性与地理分布，分析了烟白齿菌科真菌与宿主树木间的关系，澄清了分类中存在的问题，确定了科学的物种概念和分类依据，筛选出了稳定的形态学特征与适合的分子标记基因，分析了烟白齿菌科的亲缘关系，建立了烟白齿菌科更加合理的分类系统；发表论文16篇，发现并发表新种16个、已发现待发表新种15个，建立了中国烟白齿菌科真菌的资源信息库，为该科真菌资源的保护和利用提供了科学依据。