噻吩方酸菁共聚物基多元纳米杂化材料的点击法构筑及微波-红外兼容隐身性能研究

Microwave-infrared compatible stealth materials need to meet the strong absorption of microwave, broad absorption band, low infrared emissivity, thin depth, and light weight, et al requirements. The polymer based nano hybrid materials are expected to take the advantage of both materials to really fulfil these demands. So this project will focus on studying the following aspects: Using simple controllable click chemical synthesis, a new type of wide band absorption copolymer with thiophene and squarylium cyanine will be prepared.Then inorganic materials（nano metal,oxide and reduction of graphene oxide）will be prepared and surface modified with reactive functional groups in order to react with the synthetic polymers by click chemistry. The inorganic and organic components will be connected by covalent bonds to construct the nanoscale hybrid materials. The interfacial compatibility between polymers and nano inorganic materials and stability of the hybrid materials will be improved. By adjusting the feeding types and proportions of nano particles,the molecular structural control will be come true,high performance microwave compatible-infrared stealth materials will be obtained .The effects of synthetic technological conditions, material composition, interfacial structure, type and morphology of nanoparticles on the electromagnetic parameters and microwave-infrared compatible stealth performance of composite materials will be systematically explored. The infrared radiation and microwave absorption mechanism will be deeply clarified and a theoretical foundation will be laid for design and construction novel structure and excellently overall performance of microwave-infrared compatible stealth hybrid materials.

微波-红外兼容隐身材料需要满足微波吸收强度大、吸收频带宽、厚度薄、质量轻、红外发射率低等要求，聚合物/无机纳米杂化材料是实现这些要求的一个重要方向。基于此，本项目采用简单可控的点击化学法，制备出新型宽波段吸收的噻吩方酸菁共聚物作为基底；选择不同类型的无机材料（纳米金属、纳米氧化物和还原氧化石墨烯等），使其表面修饰有活性官能团，通过点击反应与合成的共聚物以共价键相连，提高纳米材料与聚合物之间的界面相容性和材料稳定性，并通过调节投料粒子种类和比例，调控杂化分子结构，从而获得高性能的共聚物基多元纳米杂化微波-红外兼容隐身材料；系统探讨杂化材料的制备技术、材料组成、界面结构、纳米粒子的种类及形貌等与微波-红外兼容隐身性能之间的关系和规律，阐明界面以共价键连接的杂化材料的红外辐射及微波吸收机理，为结构新颖、综合性能优异的纳米杂化微波-红外兼容隐身材料的设计和制备奠定理论基础。

微波-红外兼容隐身材料需要满足微波吸收强度大、吸收频带宽、厚度薄、质量轻、红外发射率低等要求，聚合物/无机纳米杂化材料是实现这些要求的一个重要方向。本项目可控制备了一系列由纳米金属氧化物、纳米金属、碳材料和聚合物等构筑纳米杂化吸波材料，详细探讨了杂化材料的制备工艺、材料组成、结构、纳米粒子的种类、形貌、尺寸、界面作用等对电磁参数、微波吸收性能和红外发射率的影响规律，深入研究了此类界面以共价键结合的多元纳米杂化材料的红外辐射及微波吸收机理。. 研究结果表明，四氧化三铁、二氧化硅、二氧化钛、二氧化锰、铝等这些纳米氧化物、纳米金属、碳材料和聚合物相互杂化后，材料的微波吸收-红外兼容隐身性能得到了较大的提升，主要由于纳米材料间及与聚合物之间的点击耦合，在杂化材料中形成了多重界面，界面面积增加；点击耦合处产生很多缺陷，这些缺陷有利于电荷转移，在电磁场下会产生强的界面极化弛豫；组分的设计和调整提高了阻抗匹配；各种材料损耗机理的协同作用，这些都有利于杂化材料更好的吸收电磁波。具有谐振效应的铝基纳米杂化材料，具有较好的微波吸收性能和较低的红外发射率。本项目的研究为微波-红外兼容隐身材料的开发提供了实验基础和理论依据。