草原生态保护补奖机制下牧区肉羊产业养殖模式的实证研究— 基于内蒙古调研数据

Grassland resource is the basis of developing sheep industry which is the preponderant industry of pastoral area and the main income source of herders. Nevertheless, the degradation, desertification, salinization of grassland causes conflicts between grassland and husbandry .Thus, a subsidy and incentive system of grassland ecology protection has been established by state. Without reducing herders' income, the system is designed to achieve a balanced management of grassland and livestock, and realize the coordinated development of ecology, economy and society. In this study, based on the industrial development theory,designed the statistical index system corresponding to the production of sheep industry in pastoral areas, then using different integrating methods which are stratified sampling , typical investigation, and major investigation,intend to get the first-hand statistical data from pastoral areas. Utilizing descriptive statistic, cost and benefit analysis, and econometric models, the author evaluates present situation of the sheep industry ,and analyse those production characteristics and economic efficiency and technoligical efficiency, and variable relationships in different grassland types since the implement of the subsidies and incentives system, and then discuss whether the subsidies and incentives system effectively promotes the transition of sheep industry from traditional breeding models to modern models, and whether the system effectively promotes grassland ecological protection, husbandry efficiency and herders' income increase.Then the author reveals the developing law of sheep industry,and puts forward policy suggestions on promoting scientific development of sheep industry in pastoral areas.

草地资源是发展牧区肉羊产业的基础，肉羊产业是牧区的优势产业，也是牧民收入的主要来源。然而牧区草地退化、沙化、盐碱化，草畜矛盾突出。因此国家实行草原生态保护补助奖励机制，旨在不影响牧民收入的前提下实现草畜平衡管理，实现生态、经济、社会的协调发展。本研究以产业发展理论为研究理论基础，围绕牧区肉羊产业养殖设计相应的统计指标体系，应用类型抽样、典型调查、重点调查方式深入牧区，获取全面可靠的数据资料。运用描述统计法、成本收益法、计量经济模型模拟分析法,对实施补奖机制以来各类型草原肉羊产业发展的现状、各养殖模式的生产特征、经济技术效率、以及各变量的关系进行分析评价，从而探讨实行草原生态保护补奖机制能否有效地促进牧区肉羊产业实现从传统养殖模式向现代养殖模式转变，能否有效地促进草原生态保护、牧业增效和牧民增收。进而揭示牧区肉羊产业发展变化的规律，为促进牧区肉羊产业科学发展提出政策建议。

草地资源是发展牧区肉羊产业的基础，肉羊产业是牧区的优势产业，也是牧民收入的主要来源。然而牧区草地退化、沙化、盐碱化，草畜矛盾突出。因此国家实行草原生态保护补奖政策，旨在保护草原生态的前提下，合理利用草原，促进草原畜牧业养殖由传统模式向现代模式转变，解决牧区人、草、畜的矛盾，实现生态、经济和社会的可持续发展。本研究以产业发展理论和经济行为理论为理论基础，围绕牧区肉羊产业养殖设计相应的统计指标体系，应用类型抽样、典型调查、重点调查方式深入牧区，获取相关373户牧户数据资料。运用描述统计分析、投入产出分析、成本收益分析、计量经济模型模拟分析法，对实施补奖机制以来各类型草原肉羊产业发展的现状、各养殖模式的生产特征、经济技术效率以及各变量的关系进行分析评价，从而探讨草原生态保护补奖机制下牧区肉羊产业发展变化规律，找出促进牧区肉羊产业从传统养殖模式向现代养殖模式转变的关键因素。研究发现，草原生态补奖政策促进了草地的确权、草场的围栏、棚圈的建设、肉羊的品种改良和提纯复壮、饲草料基地的建设和基础设施建设，提高了饲养的科技含量，生产技术效率得以提高，但饲养成本增加，牧民养羊的市场风险加大，牧民的增收面临许多挑战。培养新型牧民，促进专业大户、家庭牧场、牧民专业合作社、合作社联社的规范化发展和示范效应，培育、引进龙头企业，延伸产业链条，合理分配各环节收益，实现养殖的适度规模化、标准化，促进牧区肉羊产品的品牌化建设，才能有效解决牧民的小生产与大市场的衔接问题，实现优质优价，进而实现草原生态保护优先的条件下牧民增收、牧业增效的目标。